The Vision Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Vision Statement - Essay Example In other words, the vision statement describes the strategic objectives of an organization that are to be accomplished in the long run. â€Å"Your vision Statement is a succinct declaration of your ideal future, usually three, five or ten years out† (Woolf, 2012). On the other hand, the mission statement describes the short-term goals of the organization. Another perspective about the difference between the vision statement and the mission statement of an organization is that the vision statement talks about the personal growth of business as wanted by the owners of an organization in the long run whereas the mission statement talks about the benefits the organization will provide the society with as it functions by delivering its goods or services to the consumers. The vision statement gives a direction to the organization. Both the vision statement and the mission statement consist of goals, but the factor that distinguishes between the two kinds of statement is the entity t hat will benefit from the achievement of those goals. Mobilink is a telecommunication company in Pakistan. The vision statement of Mobilink is, â€Å"To be the leading Telecommunication Services Provider in Pakistan by offering innovative Communication solutions for our Customers while exceeding Shareholder value & Employee Expectations† (Mobilink, 2012). ... The importance of a vision statement for an organization cannot be overemphasized. Having an appropriate vision can help an organization because the vision statement gives it direction. â€Å"Without it, it’s like setting sail in a yacht with neither a sail nor an anchor – the sail to get you there with the help of the wind, and the anchor to moor you both along the way and when you get ‘there.’† (Woolf, 2012). Once the leader of an organization knows where he/she wants to take the organization in the future, he/she decides the course of action accordingly. There are various milestones in the identified course of action leading to the attainment of the ultimate objective. For example, Mobilink’s vision statement suggests that the leader of this company needs to adopt such strategies that Mobilink is not just as good as its contemporaries in the market, but is good enough to lead them in Pakistan. Vision statement does encourage organizational change. Change is an inherent process of any organization that wants to progress. In order to be successful, the micro- and macro-culture of an organization needs to be modified so as to adapt to the changing environment and advancing technology. In case of Mobilink, if Mobilink wants to be the leading telecommunication services provider, it is imperative that it keeps advancing constantly to keep performing better than other telecommunication services providing companies in Pakistan. This requires adoption of new technology, which in turn requires constant change. Change needs to be introduced at every level. Not only the new technology is to be purchased, but also the workforce has to be provided with education and training in order to inculcate the necessary skills in them required to use the

History of education Essay Example for Free

History of education Essay â€Å"Education driven by passion awakens us to a world bigger than ourselves and makes us curious. Learning becomes self-sustaining as it transforms from a requirement to a desire. † First of all, what is a globalization education? A Globalization is a series of social, economical, educational, ethnological, cultural, and political changes that promote interdependence and growth. Globalization raises the standard of living in developing countries, spreads technological knowledge, and increases political liberation. The main cause of globalization is influence from other, more developed, countries. Globalization is a historical process that results from human innovation and technological progress. Creativity and technology are very important as knowledge. Especially technology because it had helped in many ways with educations. To me education is knowledge, success, intelligence, achievement. Education is the best because you can also teach others. I can just say that some people didn’t have education are just lucky to become who they are. For example, Thomas Edison, Henry Ford and many other super achievers never finished grade school. But They succeeded because they knew how to research, how to create certain activities to make them who they are. They also collect information for a selected project and process knowledge. Classroom environment does not work that way, it focuses on the collection of knowledge without a clear purpose, other than high class grades. If the purpose does not motivate, other than to please the teacher, then there is nothing to process outside of memorizing answers for test. The typical student is academic challenged while being motivation starved. Lack of motivation is lack of knowledge processing skills. The typical college graduate will have a professional skill that supplies life’s basic needs. Additionally, the globalization education in the world is the most powerful thing that can exist because it is the general base that people around the world have opportunity to learn things that didn’t learn before. From day to day education expand much more to the world and that’s the reason why technology became also more develop because people by doing research they are learning much more than they expected. Also while they are developing their knowledge they are also entertaining themselves. Technology in the globalization education allows certain people or nations around the world to stay closes. Moreover, we as a society are destroying our children’s right to a quality education. By introducing the standardize test we have only accomplish one goal; teaching our children how to take a test. It does not matter if they know the right answer it is multiple choice they have a one in four chance of getting it right. Standardize testing forces teachers to educate children one way. Children need creativity to learn. Our schools are heading in the same direction with the standardize test. Because children learn in different ways, we must introduce different styles of learning techniques into our schools. One way to do this is to encourage more creativity in education. The lack of creativity in teaching has been a significant issue in recent years. The report highlighted that children profit from using creative skills and by having these skills developed. It also suggested that creative teaching should be made part of all academic education. This was the first time that this issue had been fully recognized. In response to this report, the government has acknowledged the significance of developing the creative skills of children, as these could become essential in future workplaces. The Nation Curriculum recognizes that many employers want and need creative people: ‘Schools that promote creativity will ensure that pupils respond positively to opportunities and responsibilities and are better able to handle with new challenges as well as change and difficulty. Creativity helps teachers deliver the academic curriculum to students in an appealing manner. Further more, another basic source of learning is technology. Now a day, technology has become an important component in education. Especially the Internet that has allowed the world to communicate and allows even the people who cannot read to educate especially if the person is unable to go to school. They can do all their research on the internet. Everyday software makes people lives easier and improves on the technology. Making lives easier is not, however, the only role technology plays in our lives but it teaches us things we didn’t know and helps us learn more than we thought we couldn’t t learn. Technology is playing an increasing role in education. As technology advances, it is used to benefit students of all ages in the learning process. As technology advances, students have better access to educational opportunities like these. When something new and better is revealed, the older technology becomes more affordable, allowing it to be used in educational settings, even when schools are on a tight budget. Technology has also advanced to help children even before theyve started school. Educational video games and systems for young children help them prepare for school and in some cases get a head start on their education. Regardless of these arguments, technology is an important part of todays society and education. In conclusion, there are many ways we can try to improve the world. For example, not open to innovation, Teachers, and much more. Education is a vital part of society in which everyone plays a role. It is not only the role of parents and teachers to support a child’s education, but also the role of the whole society to provide a structure of living that supports what is being taught. Education is the way through everything. Lucky for us we have technology and much more to help us get through an education, so let’s not waste the advantage of education we have and learn something so we can make a better future.

Literature Review Definition Of Marketing Marketing Essay

Literature Review Definition Of Marketing Marketing Essay Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships, the twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction (Armstrong Kotler, 2007 p. 5). People often think marketing as selling and advertising, which is just a small part of marketing. The marketer does a good job when he understands superior customer value, prices, distributes and promotes them effectively; the products will sell very easily then. This tells that selling and advertising are just a part of marketing as a marketing mix; a set of marketing tools that work together to satisfy customer needs and build customer relationships. (Armstrong Kotler, 2007 p. 5). Figure: A simple model of the marketing process Source: Armstrong G and Kotler P, (2007, p. 6). Marketing: an introduction. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education. Marketing mix According to Mohammed Rafiq and Pervaiz K. Ahmed (1995), the term marketing mix was first used by Borden and that it was suggested to him by Cullitons (1948) description of a business executive as mixer ingredients. Borden did not define the marketing mix; it simply consisted of important elements of ingredients that make up a marketing programme (Borden, 1965, p. 389). McCarthy (1964, p. 35) refined this further and defined the marketing mix as a combination of all of the factors at a marketing managers command to satisfy the target market. Later McCarthy and Perreault (1987) together defined the marketing mix as the controllable variables that an organisation can co-ordinate to satisfy its target market, which is widely accepted as the set of controllable marketing variables that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market (Kotler and Armstrong, 1989, p. 45). According to Jonathan Ivy (2008), marketing mix is a set of controllable marketing tools that an i nstitution uses to produce the response it wants from its various target markets. Ronald E. Goldsmith (1999) stated that 4Ps was first formulated by McCarthy (1975) as a pedagogical tool to describe the chief tasks of marketing managers. Marketing managers must develop a systematic plan to sell to the customers after selecting a target market to create long-term relationships (Doyle, 1995). The marketing mix plan consists of 4Ps which consists of decisions about product, place, promotion and price (Goldsmith, 1999). According to Bennet (1997), the concept of marketing outlines a course for the organisation using controllable variables in an environment where many factors are uncontrollable, defined as the external market. Kotler (1967) (cited by Bennet, 1997) broadened this classification into four namely, customer, environmental, competitive and marketing decision variables. Focussing on manufacturing industries, Borden (1964) identifies the four external forces on the organisation as consumer buying behaviour, trade behaviour, competitors position and behaviour and government regulations. Robins (1991) formulated four Cs which is an alternate mnemonic to the marketing mix formulated by McCarthy (1964). Four Cs are defined as Customers who buys goods and services in the market place, Competitors who provide the choice of alternative sources of supply, Capabilities and Company both of them refers to the organisation which has ability to satisfy customer needs. Gronroos (1984) proposes a concept of interactive marketing which was backed by Kotler (1991). This concept emphasizes the relationship between the employee and the customer and identifies it as the key factor in successful market making. Kotler (1991) argues that the employee-customer relationship is an important factor in the success of the market-making process. Booms and Bitner (1981) added three additional factors to the marketing mix elements proposed by McCarthy (1964) namely people, processes and physical evidence. This concept highlights that the model proposed by McCarthy (1964) might lead to too narrow focus on the internal variables, and does not include some of the process variables which is a part of marketing planning system (Bennet, 1997, p. 151). Lings (1999) argues for services industry 4Ps are in adequate and 7Ps marketing mix illustrates the importance of internal factors, as retail sector is not a service based industry traditional 4Ps marketing mix is used to represent the external factors (cite d by Khanh Kandampully, 2004). 4Ps makes the marketing easier handle for the managers in non service based industry; the components of traditional marketing mix can change a firms competitive position (Gronroos, 1994). Even with the deficiencies, the 4Ps remain a staple of the marketing mix (Kent and Brown, 2006). According to the American Marketing Association (1985), marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchange and satisfy individual and organisational objectives. Kent (1986) states that the four Ps of the marketing mix as the holy quadruple of the marketing faith written in tablets of stone. According to Armstrong and Kotler (2007) marketing mix tools are classified into four broad groups, called the four Ps of marketing: product, price, place and promotion. In order to deliver on its value proposition, the firm must first create a need-satisfying market offering (product). It must decide how much it will charge for the offer (price) and how it will make the offer available to the target customers (place). It must communicate with target customers about the offers and persuade them of its merits (promotion) (Armstrong and Kotler, 2007 p.53) Baker Hart (2008, p 463) the logic of 4Ps is straight forward; a supplier needs products, needs to price them, to promote them and distribute them to the place where the customer can buy them. According to Dogra Ghuman (2008) some of the variables associated with 4Ps are: Price: price level, credit terms, price changes and discounts. Product: features, packaging, quality and range. Promotion: advertising, publicity, sales promotion and personal selling. Place: inventory, distribution channels and number of intermediaries. Figure: The four Ps of the marketing mix Source: Armstrong G and Kotler P, (2007, p. 6). Marketing: an introduction. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education. Product According to Armstrong and Kotler (2007), product can be defined as the goods and services is a combination the company offers to the target market. Belohlavek (2008) argues that a product or service is the element which satisfies the clients needs. The product or service generates two types of relationships with the prospect: a functional and a linking one. The usefulness of the product bears a relationship with its benefits measured both objectively and subjectively. The products use value is fundamental to the purchasing decision process in its closing stage (Belohlavek, 2008 p.15). For a competitive approach the company has to offer products that are unique and meet customer needs, wants and values. Maintaining the product uniqueness is difficult for a company since the product can be matched by competitors. The company must often compete on price, distribution, or promotion; in order to compete unless the product is of sound quality (Rea Kerzner, 1997 p. 57). Product variety Pine (1993), product variety is defined as the number of different products offered to the customers (cited by Felipe Scavarda, Reichhart, Hamacher, Holweg, 2010). According to Bils Klenow (2001) and Er MacCarthy (2006) product variety is a new development and a trend in many industry sectors worldwide (cited by Felipe Scavarda, Schaffer, Jose Scavarda, Reis Schleich, 2009). Product variety is an effective strategy to increase the market share as it enables the company to serve different kinds of customer segments and to satisfy the customer variety seeking behaviour (Tang, 2006). This involves different product features, packaging, or channels of distribution (Felipe Scavarda, Schaffer, Jose Scavarda, Reis Schleich, 2009). Product variety strategy as a marketing strategy will result in sales growth, profits and meeting more specialised demands (Berry Cooper, 1999). Kim Chhajed (2000) argues that different kinds of product manufacturing results in a decrease in logistics perfor mance or manufacturing performance. Lee Billington (1994) also argues that product variety can result in higher forecast errors and lead to excessive inventory for some products and shortages for other products. If the product variety is to the optimal or to the appropriate level of variety, then product variety will result as economical efficient and will create positive marketing efforts (Lancaster, 1990). According to Pine (1993) and da Silveira (1998), product variety enables the ability to customise products to customer needs and has been identified in achieving competitive advantage over other retailers (cited by Felipe Scavarda, Reichhart, Hamacher, Holweg, 2010). As product variety gives a broader product line and can lead to increased profitability (Kekre and Srinivasan, 1990). Product variety gives rise to the need to consider different products of the individual product variants, as different end items that are fundamentally different do not feature the same variety level for the individual (MacDuffie et al., 1996 Koste and Malhotra, 1999). Price Belohlavek (2008) states that price is a conditioning element for buying a product; price only conditions a product but does not determine it, in accordance to the buyers income makes a monetary value of a given service or goods, which makes them reachable to the goods. Price is a factor which acts as a barrier which when reached in operational terms, thats when the last stage of purchasing action is reached. Price is an element which determines a priority relationship with the value and opportunity creating access to the customer. Kasper et al. (2000, p. 627), pricing is an important management tool to achieve the objectives of the organization. Similarly, Pellinen (2003, p.218) has suggested that pricing is one of the most central management tasks for a service company. It is also the only element of the marketing mix that generates revenues for a firm, while all the others (e.g. new product introductions, promotions) are associated with costs (Zeithaml et al., 2006) (cited by Indounas Avlonitis, 2009). Rea Kerzner (1997) argues that the easiest way to reach and compete with the competitor is to match the price with the competitor. Price is one of the most important criteria that customers use when choosing between competing brands (Huber et al., 2001; Ta and Har, 2000) (cited by Indounas Avlonitis, 2009). Price is the sum of money customers has to pay to acquire the product; often customers buy the product negotiating the price for more accessibility, companies offer discounts to customers adjusting price to sustain the competitive situation (Armstrong Kotler, 2007 p. 52). Price Discount According to Palazon Delgado (2009), Customers are price sensitive and they often look for price related information. Manning et al., (2003), they are vigilant about any information about price and other pricing information (Kukar-Kinney et al., 2007) they spend a lot of time thinking about prices of products, always evaluating savings offered and the convenience by the price discount. Customers with lower levels of price consciousness and value, they are most likely to be influenced by the magnitude of the discount (Alford Biswas, 2002) than the pecuniary value of the discount really offered. (Babin et al., 2007) customers are engaged in searching for more devoted to the task of shopping to the extent that a better price exists in another store. Hardesty Bearden (2003) and Grewal et al., (1996) claims that when the promotional benefit is low, customers are not going to process information extensively about the promotion (price discount) as it has low pecuniary value. Similarly wh en the promotional benefit is high, customers are not sure about the product or the deal they are unlikely to process information extensively as there is less uncertainty about the product. Customers are predicted to analyse the deal moderately whether the benefit are high (Palazon Delgado, 2009). Hardesty Bearden (2003) and Grewal et al., (1996) states that if the promotional benefit is low or high the levels of information processing is low, but for moderate benefit levels information process is high. Chandrashekaran (2004) and Raghubir (2004) argue that high promotional benefits are always evaluated positively. According to Madan Suri (2001) there are different types of price promotions and short term price discounts have been used by the retailers to create short term demand for their products (Monroe, 1990 p 369). Retailers can sell the products very fast without much expensive when they are offering immediate savings to the customers. Short term price discounts are easier to execute and provide immediate price savings to the customers (Madan Suri, 2001). Discounts actually increase the value to the customers and this happens at the intermediate levels of discounts and when the discounts are either very high or very low it decreases the value (Madan Suri, 2001). Promotion The most common promotion is a sale (Levy Weitz, 2007 p 433). Promotion is one of the key Ps in the marketing mix (Dibb et al., 1994). The promotion strategy is used in increasing sales by creating differences in resources which results in a firm being able to outspend a competitor in advertisement, purchase displays, trade shows and other promotional methods (Rea Kerzner, 1997 p. 58). * According to Jennifer Rowley (1998), the objectives of any promotional strategy will be drawn from an appropriate mixture of the following roles of promotion; to: increase sales; maintain or improve market share; create or improve brand recognition; create a favourable climate for future sales; inform and educate the market; create a competitive advantage, relative to competitors products or market position; improve promotional efficiency * According to Jennifer Rowley (1998), an appropriate promotional mix must be created in order to meet the promotional objectives of any given promotion strategy. The promotional mix is the combination of different promotional channels that is used to communicate a promotional message. This will involve an appropriate selection from the range of tools that are available for use as part of the promotional mix. The tools in the promotional mix include: Advertising. Any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by any identified sponsor. The pages of professional newsletters and magazines are common avenues for advertising information products. Direct marketing. The use of mail, telephone or other non-personal contact tools to communicate with or solicit a response from specific customers and prospects. Mail shots and leaflets inserted in professional magazines are used to promote information products. Sales promotion. Short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or service, such as discounts for access to a database over a limited time period. Public relations and publicity. Programmes designed to promote and/or protect a companys image, or those of its products, including product literature, exhibitions and articles about organisations products in professional or in-house newsletters. Personal selling. Face-to-face interactions with one or more prospective purchasers, for the purpose of making sales. This is common within the business-to-business marketing transactions in the information industry, where sales representatives, often also with a support function, are common. Sponsorship. Financial or external support of an event or person by an unrelated organisation or donor, such as is common in respect of the arts, sports and charities. Large organisations, such as major publishing groups like Reed Elsevier, or software houses, such as Microsoft, may engage in sponsorship, but public sector organisations, in education and libraries, are more likely to be the recipient of sponsorship. Place According to Kai Li Hung Hung (2007), place is a marketing mix which describes whether the location is accessible and transport is convenient, place comes out as a heterogeneous phenomenon which is created by the company at each place combining resources; accessibility increases value to the customer. Kotler, et al., (2005) claims that place involves all activities of the company to make all products available to the customers. According to Mason Staude (2009), Place is the least changing marketing tactic. Distribution and availability are used in stabilising dimensions, communicating and creating a control as a link between supplier and customer, and reducing the probability to change suppliers, which actually stabilises the market. Backward and forward integration also reduce the uncertainty of retailer stocking the products, lowering the risks and stabilising the environment (Nilson, 1995). According to Boyle Proctor (2009), in the context of product sales, placement is actually distribution (Biech, 2003). In social marketing, distribution can be defined as dissemination channels (NWPHO, 2006). Clearly for dispersing channels to be effective they must be accessible to the target market (Boyle Proctor, 2009). Store location and layout The location and atmosphere of a store communicates information about the service and pricing to the customer. The physical characteristics play an important role in a customers mind (Levy Weitz, 2007 p 434). Store layout influences customer buying behaviour, stores can attract customers with their design and layout motivating them to make impulsive sales or give them a pleasant shopping experience (Levy Weitz, 2007 p 491). According to Davies Rogers (1984), guy (1980), Jones Simmons (1987) and Birkin et al., (2002) site selection and sales forecasting of retail stores are a important factor in retail management and retail geography (cited by Wood Browne, 2007). Store location is used in sales forecasting for retail stores and for determining the optimal location and sales of the store (Clarkson et al., 1996; Smith Sanchez, 2003). Superstores are one of the main formats through which food is sold increasing the money flow (IGD, 2005). The size of the stores is important and it is very expansive to open up a big store therefore accuracy in location planning is essential (Wrigley, 1996). Retail stores are dependent on the daily purchases made and regular weekly purchases this involves repeated car journeys from the customers homes, which requires space for parking near the store for easy access (Wood Browne, 2007). The location of a store affects the customer with sociological and geographical factor s (Wrigley, 1998; Meyer Johnson, 1996; Rust Donthu, 1995) (cited by Beyon, Griffiths, Marshall, Expert Systems (2002). Pricing strategy According to (Blythe, 2008 p 151), pricing a product is one of the most important issues for marketers; it is significant not only to the profit that is to be made but also to the quantity of products which are to be sold. Pricing also touches on all the elements of the marketing mix, pricing is the indication to the consumer of what a company expects in exchange; for the products being offered. Profitability of the company depends on the pricing strategy (Doyle Stern, 2006 p 225). Price may become a proxy measure for product quality when buyers have difficulty in evaluating complex products (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 316). Consumers are often confused in choosing a product; price helps them choose a product. A strategic viewpoint on pricing decisions may create new market space and opportunities for the company (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 317). Figure: Steps in selecting a pricing strategy Source: (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 321). A pricing strategy must be consistent with the retailers overall image (positioning), sales, profit, and return on investment goals (Berman Evans, 2007 p 498). Various roles of Pricing (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 320) Pricing has few important roles in the marketing program of a company. Some of the roles are: Signal to the buyer Price is the easiest way to directly communicate with the customer. When comparing with other brands price is a visible difference to the customer. Price is also used in positioning the brand to show its quality or instead give direct competition with other brands (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 320). Instrument of competition As the competitions between companies are high, Price is an element which can quickly attack competitiors. Price can also be used by a company to stay away from the competition if used strategically; pricing strategy is always related to competition with other brands or companies (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 320). Improving financial performance Using a pricing strategy wisely, companies can generate revenues by forecasting about a product or brand to increase the financial statement in the short term or in the long term in order to survive the global competition (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 320). pricing strategy has the biggest impact on the profit and loss statement of the company in the short run, Pricing is even more crucial in the long run; the primary purpose of business strategy is to offer consumers enhanced value so that price can be raised considerably above costs (Doyle Stern, 2006 p 225). Marketing program consideration Companies pay a price for marketing, in order to maintain or penetrate in to the market. Price strategy is also used for promoting products (Cravens Piercy, 2006 p 320). Consumer behaviour Blackwell, et al., (2006) defined consumer behaviour as the activities people undertake when obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services. The activities are divided into three, they are: obtaining, consuming and disposing (Blackwell, et al., 2006 p. 4). Obtaining According to Blackwell, et al., (2006 p. 4) it is the process of purchasing or getting a product. This process includes comparing with other similar products, alternative brands and searching for more information of the product before obtaining it. Analysts often study these purchases in order to improve the understanding of the market; consumer buying behaviour is studied whether they are buying for themselves or as gifts, payment methods, and product transportation or delivery, how they get information about other alternative brands and how the brands influence the consumers product choices. Consuming According to Blackwell, et al., (2006 p. 4), it is the process or activity of using a product by the customer to his/her needs. Based on the consumption of the products researchers can study the consumer decisions whether the product is bought to be consumed in the office or at home, or for entertainment purpose or for its functional purpose, do they consume the product or do they dispose it without using it even once. Based on the consumption these buying behaviours are studied in order to understand the needs of the customers. Disposing According to Blackwell, et al., (2006 p.4), it is the process of getting rid of the product after its use or its packaging. And how do they dispose the product remains or the packaging, whether the packaging is biodegradable. Analysts think in the ecological point of view for this process. Consumer buying behaviour According to McCall, et al., (2009), purchasing decisions happen on daily basis and the most important factor influencing these decisions is the price of the product. For buying any product, price is often the most silent feature (Nagle and Holden, 2002). This can be used as an advantage to increase the overall sales by offering discounts (promotions) to the price sensitive customers (Soman, 1998). According to Saha, et al., (2010), Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals spend their available resources on consumption-related items. It includes the study of what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, and how often they use it (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1996). The main objective of marketing in the consumer buying behaviour context is to satisfy the needs and wants of the target customer. As a subject consumer behaviour also deals with the factors that affect the buying behaviour of a consumer. The study of consumer behaviour gives a clear idea that how consumer select, buy, use and dispose the product, service, experiences to please the needs and requirements (Kotler, 2003). Stimulus response model is the starting point of understanding consumer buying behaviour. The buyers characteristic and decision process leads to the purchase decision; a consumers buying behaviour is influenced by 4ps, cultural, social and personal factors (Kotler, 2003). The role of marketing mix is also important in making the buying decision by any consumer. The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for the product. The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables known as the Four Ps that is product, price, place and promotion (Saha, et al., 2010). According to Mowat and Collins (2000), for successful development in business, the company needs to understand and meet the consumer needs and expectations (Douglas, 1993; Knox and Theisen, 1981). Store layout plays (place) an important effect in consumer behaviour besides price and consumer expectation (Kotler, 1973; Eroglu and Machleit, 1990; Bitner, 1992; Baker et al., 1993; Baker et al., 1994; Grewal and Baker, 1994; Simonson, 1999; Baker, et al., 2002) (cited by Vrechopoulos Atherinos, 2009). According to Solomon, et al., (2006), consumer purchase is a response to a problem and a customer goes through a series of steps in order to make a purchase. These steps can be described as (1) problem recognition (2) information search (3) evaluation of alternatives and (4) product choice. After the decision is made, the quality of that decision affects the finals steps in the process, when the learning occurs based on how well the choice worked out. The learning process influences the likelihood that the same choice will be made next time the need for a similar decision occurs (Solomon et al, 2007 p.258). Brin (2004, p 85) argues that it is important to understand the characteristics of the consumers and their buying decision process in order to target them with the most appropriate and effective marketing methods, the management needs to understand and study this decision process on what particular product or service the consumers choose from; the brand they select, from which outlet they buy, what kind of product and the amount spent. It is useful to understand what influences the consumer (Brin, 2004 p 85). Some of the influences in buying roles in the consumer buying process are (Brin, 2004 p 85): The initiator: the very first person who thinks about buying a product The influencer: the person who influences other consumers in taking the final step of the buying decision The decider: the person who takes the final decision The buyer: the person who actually buys a product The user: the customer. There are different types of consumer buying behaviour, and the type of consumer buying behaviour changes according to the type of buying decisions. The main influence is the brands available to the consumer and the personal attachment towards the decision which influences the consumer to become a loyalty customer (Phillips, et al., 1994; p 85). Involvement can be a major factor in decision making; consumers often tend to develop a form of emotional attachments to products and most people would be familiar with the feeling of having fallen in love with a product, even when the product is totally unreasonable though the purchase may not have an important practical outcome for the consumer; the consumers future behaviour does not always materialise (Blythe, 2005 p 53, 54). Low involvement, low price, low risk High involvement, High price, high risk Few differences between brands Brand loyal Repeat purchasing Influenced by price And sales promotional offers Buying process is relatively quick because of the limited differences Significant differences between brands Brand switching but limited information gathering Information gathering and processing is important. Purchase decision is important Figure: Four types of buying behaviour Source: Phillips, et al., (1994; p 85) (Adapted from Assael, 1985 Kotler, 1988). According to Kapoor Kulshrestha (2009), Products convey different meanings to different people and this differing forms an attachment towards the products. According to Zaichkowsky (1985), attachment means the interest, the enthusiasm, the emotional level expressed by the consumer regarding a product (cited by Steichen Terrien, 2009). The meaning of the product depends on the nature of the consumers rather than the nature of the products (Martin, 1998; Rochberg-Halton, 1981). The consumer plays a role in his or her choices (Steichen Terrien, 2009); the decisions are principally based on personal perception followed by the cues sent by the environment with personal interpretation (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Fazio, 1985). These choices have different attributes, and some of them are very salient; the choice of salient attributes also depends on the personal characteristics of the consumer (Steichen Terrien, 2009). Based on Uncles and Ellis (1989) the interplay of costs and benefits affects the retailers in making huge gross margins, many retailers are establishing their own labels as a part of retailing today. This allows the retailer selling products under their own name to differentiate their products and stock, from other retailers. Also, allowing them to have a full control over product price, quality and stocks (cited by Rothe Lamont, 1973; McGoldrick, 1984; Simmons Meredith, 1984). This will actually generate higher gross margins. For competitive edge over other stores and brands, retailers hope to build a relationship with the customer by lowering price and offering consumers better value for money without narrowing the product range (Simmons Meredith, 1984). Customer relationship strategy Relationships can obtain competitive advantage (Kanter, 1994; Kay, 1995; Huxham, 1996; Stone and Mason, 1997) (cited by Donaldson O Toole, 2002). Customer relationship strategy is based on mutual trust with the customers creating long term relationships; many researches conclude that customer relationship strategy has increased the profit margin for many firms (based on Lawrence, 2002). Long-time customers are less costly to serve and smooth running of relationships are inexpensive and less resource intensive (Lawrence, 2002). Long term relationships benefit both the buyers and suppliers (Szmigin, 1998). For the strategy to be effective, the component elements should be inter-related. When there is a strong synergy between the component elements the strategy will be eff

An Internship and My Interest in Medicine Essay -- Medicine College Ad

Admissions Essay - An Internship and My Interest in Medicine    How does a hospital run without adequate water to develop X-ray films? What are the signs and symptoms of malaria? What is the most common cause of infant mortality worldwide? These are all questions to which I learned answers during my six-week clerkship in rural South Africa. That a well-rounded education is the mark of a true scholar is a belief I acquired from my high-school education, and in that spirit I flew off to try and understand some of the important issues in the changing South African health care system.    I learned more than I had anticipated was possible and can easily conclude that studying abroad is one of the quickest, most memorable, and most enjoyable ways of broadening one's education. Furthermore, it teaches lessons that are not possible to learn at home.    Tinswalo Hospital, where I worked, is small. The number of hospital beds is approximately 92, and the faculty (consisting of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, translators, and administrators) is fewer than 200. The population that the hospital serves, on the other hand, is large - approaching 200,000. Although Nelson Mandela has been increasing government funds for this and other public hospitals, diagnostic and treatment supplies are scarce. Deciding how to distribute scarce resources among a large population is a common, complicated topic in African... ...p; The world is becoming a smaller place. People are increasingly communicating across cultures and discovering how similar their problems are. These experiences encourage broad-mindedness. In addition to the traditional education, a physician studying abroad may become naturally interested in health care politics and the cultural aspects of disease developments, and may obtain a general global perspective. He or she also will learn that doctors bring their personal water from home to rural hospitals for developing X-rays in times of drought; that the most common symptoms of malaria are fever, nausea, and diarrhea; and that diarrhea and dehydration are the most common causes of infant mortality in the world.

Montefiore Medical Center Essay

1- Why does Elaine Brennan need to develop a new strategy now? A great manager will be the one who is able to examine the environment, determine opportunities and threats, plan accordingly, implement the plans and evaluate the results of his planning on frequent basis to add more value to what his/her organization is built to accomplish. Elaine Brennan needs to develop a new strategy now because according to the Systems Look at Healthcare, a merger has happened between two facilities each of which provide a different level of care. Each of these facilities was 4 miles away from each other, and both of these facilities’ staff members were operating in silos. Since Montefiore agreed to operate Einstein’s patient-care facility back in 1963, its scope of coverage increased to about 1.2 million residents, 65% of which are minority populations. Montefiore had 16+ competitors in the Bronx area, a condition that led to lower scores at the national level, together with lower compensation levels for employees, unsatisfied patients, amounting to a budget deficit of about $57 million dollars in 1995. Even with the consolidation of the two health care facilities, still there are certain disadvantages that need to be taken care of. There will be fewer workforces to provide for the desired level of care after downsizing. With that on hand, more responsibilities will be granted at the expense of enjoying the usual authority level granted to staff. One final challenge that will add to the necessity of formulating a new strategy for Montefiore medical center is related to the concept of organizational change and the leadership styles needed to support that organizational change. Level| Target Parameter| Pressing Matters (Needs)| D: Environment.| 1- Competition.2- Regulations.3- Demographics.4- Payer Policies.| 1- 16+ other hospitals in the Bronx area.2- Difficult reimbursement potential from payers.| C: Infrastructure.| 1- Infrastructure.2- Leadership.| 1- Separate administrative teams.2- leadership teams adaptation to change.| B: Microsystems.| 1- Teams.2- Tools.3- Logic.| 1- Downsizing.2- More stress and turnover.3- more span of control with less authority.4- Decreased quality.5- Cultural consolidation.| A: Patient.| 1- Coverage.| 1- Provision of services to 1.2 million residents.2- 65% minorities (Hispanics and African Americans).| 2- Does the GRIP strategy meet the needs of this organization? According to the Systems Thinking, Montefiore’s corporate strategy should be most influenced by the four key environmental factors (competition, governmental regulations, demographics, and payer policies), yet the current GRIP business strategy which was formulated by Brennan, is supposed to be specifically addressing the Acute Care Division as a business unit, not the entire organization. On the other hand, the case doesn’t indicate which levels of management participated in the meetings Brennan conducted for planning the new strategy for the Acute Care Division. Moreover, and as we go down the organizational hierarchy, strategic goals should be more constrained by corporate level strategies, more detailed with shorter life spans according to the plans provided, and finally, more action-oriented with more specific goals. Given all of the above, I think that what Brennan managed to create was a GRIP strategy that was tailored for the whole Montefiore organization. As regards whether it met the needs of Montefiore, I think it broadly addressed some unmet environmental needs that are provided in the following table: Also, the Systems Thinking model tells us that no system is ever completely stable. Per se, the GRIP strategy is beneficial but it will not guarantee the stability of the Montefiore medical center. There is no clear space for metrics that will measure success of the operations after implementing such strategies. Also there is expected delay in the performance of the organization if metrics were not identified to measure performance at the national level. If the Balance Scorecard (BSC) section was included as a way to implement the new strategy, then I would say that the new strategy will meet the needs of the organization. 3- Why was implementing the scorecard concept by the medical staff difficult? a- The scorecard concept requires data collection because these data will later on be reported to different levels of managers. Only then that managers will be able to judge if their goals are being met or not and then act accordingly. The data collection part of performance improvement is the most tedious and time consuming task in process improvement projects. b- In order to keep the patient flow within the Montefiore medical center, some subspecialties had to be accommodated by all hospital departments in order for revenues to keep coming out for the whole health care facility, except for that due to that each unit had its own revenues and expenses, which made it hard to create a new system for monitoring patients between departments and services in order to build revenues according to overall expenses. c- It was hard to involve some physicians into the suggested scorecard process maps. Physicians usually think that what they ordinarily do is best for the patient, especially when it leads to treatment or cure from disease or condition. They can’t embrace doing something different that is addressing unusual metrics from the ones they are used to use. They also look at learning about improvement as a first step towards undermining their authority and ego. d- From a human resource point of view, Lewin’s model of organizational change, and Kubler-Ross model for overcoming organizational resistance to change, take time to get results out of them. Kubler-Ross model for overcoming organizational resistance Source: www.movida.net78.net 4- What could Brennan have done better? a- Brennan could have done better to involve physicians into project teams in a more consistent and solid way. When physicians are involved in the value mapping process, they can provide valuable inputs to data gatherers, which – on the long run – can save a lot of data gathering time for the regular evaluation process. It also will increase the project team’s cohesiveness and collaboration towards attaining their goals. Otherwise, the deployment of the scorecard system into the newly designed health care centers will be much more difficult and time consuming which is not good in the face of the great competition lying ahead. b- Brennan also could have done better to spend more time on studying how the different staff members of the different care and support centers will respond to the new responsibilities in shaping improvement tools for Montefiore medical center, and then try to create feedback circuits that will both reward over-achievers and highlight reluct ant or incompetent workers. c- I think that Brennan should have done better to recommend that every department use only national-level strategies and not both national and local-level ones. Individual metrics tend to be too easy to accomplish, and its fulfillment may lead to a false belief of accomplishment, which is not good in the face of sustaining a competitive advantage. d- I don’t think that linking compensation to performance will be an obstacle in front of reducing budget deficits for the new system. I think that due to organizational change, there will be downsizing at all organizational levels, and may be some middle level active managers and medical staff will be promoted to high level or more operational-involved positions at a relatively lower salary. The bottom line is that there will be deficit reduction but at a much slower pace, together with a re-inforcing feedback for performance. e- I also think that Brennan has taken implementation of the GRIP strategy a little bit too fast. She might be tempted by the quick $15 million cost savings that she accomplished from downsizing on some managerial positions in 1996, but it is still a fact that if she wanted more solid environmental stability during the implementation of the new strategy, she has to allow time for unfreezing, moving, and freezing stages of the Lewin’s model of change.

Hemingway’s The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three characters in Hemingway’s The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber form a triangle in which the relationships are not clear from the beginning. The plot of the short story is not very complicated: during a safari, the rich and handsome Francis Macomber proves to be a coward when he runs off scared while hunting the lion he had wounded.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, the attribute of ‘coward’ is given to him, indirectly, by his wife Margot and by Wilson, the hunter who accompanies them on the expedition. The whole story thus revolves around the killing of the lion, an act which seems to be the ultimate proof of manhood, and, which constitutes therefore a great attraction to women. The setting and the context of the story- the safari in the wilderness of Africa- seem to determine also the plot: Hemingway chooses for his characters two Americans with a great wealth and social stand, who are supposed to be very civilized, and exposes in fact their instinctual behavior, which seems to have kept its wild nature. Francis Macomber and Robert Wilson ‘fight’, by proving their courage in the hunt, for the ‘female’ who will instinctually choose the stronger of the two. The fact that the behavior of wild animals and that of humans have a common pattern is emphasized by Hemingway careful notation of the lion’s ‘feelings’ while he is being hunted by the two men. Thus, a clear connection is established between men and the wild animals: â€Å"Macomber had not thought how the lion felt as he got out of the car. He only knew his hands were shaking and as he walked away from the car it was almost impossible for him to make his legs move.†(Hemingway, 8) Thus, after Macomber’s failure in the hunt of the lion, Margot kisses the ‘winner’, Wilson, and completely ignores her husband, and her behavior seems to be the exact pattern of the creatures in the wilderness. Furthermore, the very night after Macomber’s defeat, she goes to bed with Wilson, without even trying to dissimulate in front of her husband. The courage to kill and to face death is taken here as the main criteria for manhood: â€Å"Fear gone like an operation. Something else grew in its place. Main thing a man had. Made him into a man. Women knew it too. No bloody fear.†(Hemingway, 12) The marriage between Francis and Margot had been nothing more than a profitable business affair, him having the money and she the beauty. As it is hinted, these interests are the only things that kept them together still. Both of them seem to be sure these ties are strong enough to secure against a break-up. However, after having found out about his wife’s betrayal, Macomber’s instinctive nature seems to be awakened: he discovers the exhilaration that the hunt and the killings produce in him, and his fear is completely gone. Still, Margot is not pleased by her husband’s success, as one would expect. She rather feels threatened, and tries to hide it by resuming her contemptuous attitude towards him: â€Å"’You’ve gotten awfully brave, awfully suddenly,’ his wife said contemptuously, but her contempt was not secure. She was very afraid of something.†(Hemingway, 11) Thus, Margot ‘rewards’ the braveness of her husband by killing him while he was fighting the bull, apparently trying to aim at the beast. However, it is obvious that she kills him intentionally, first of all, because of her strange behavior before the murder, and also because of the logic of events. As Hemingway hints, ‘she was afraid of something’ and it can plainly be seen that that something was the fact that Macomber might leave her for her betrayal, now that he found his self-assurance and his manliness again. This is exactly what Wilson alludes at after the ‘accident’: â€Å"’That was a pretty thing to do,’ he said in a toneless voice. ‘He would have left you too.’†(Hemingway, 14) She thus kills her husband to ward off the danger of having him leave her. This is proven by her strong emotions during the bull hunt, in which Macomber finally shows his braveness: her face is white with fear and probably contrasting feelings. At first she seems to congratulate again the winner, this time her husband: â€Å"’In the car Macomber’s wife sat very white-faced. ‘You were marvelous, darling,’ she said to Macomber. ‘What a ride.’†(Hemingway, 13) Nonetheless, her admiration soon turns into the fear that her husband will desert her: â€Å"Her face was white and she looked ill.† Again, the fact that Margot kills her husband on purpose coheres with the rest of her instinctive behavior: although the main reason of the killing seems to be his fortune or her social stand which she might lose, it may be that her murder is again instinctive, in the sense that she is afraid of losing the now desirable man, because of his courage. She prefers shooting him, again cohering with the hunt. Her ‘hysterical’ crying over the dead body of her husband do not manage to convince us of her innocence or her pain at the loss: she rather mourns him either because she needs to act in front of the other hunters, or because she has to give up the hero she had been looking for. The way in which she changes her mind after Macomber’s success, and she says that their hunting is by no means a heroic act, clearly demonstrates that she feels trapped, again manifesting her instinctual nature. At the end of the story, she herself is defeated by Wilson, who plainly lets her see that he knows the truth, and seems to enjoy the feeling of being able to submit her to his will, and have her beg: â€Å"That’s better, ‘Wilson said. ‘Please is much better. Now I’ll stop.’(Hemingway, 14) The meanings of Hemingway’s story are thus very complex, as he analyzes the instinctual relationships between men and women, and other instincts, such as that of killing and hunting or of possessing and dominating. Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest. The Complete Short Stories. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1998

Injustice Gods Among Us Essay

Injustice Gods Among Us Essay Injustice: Gods Among Us Essay Video gamers and comic book fans alike, two of the biggest factions in this nerdy world, rejoiced at the dawn of a new kind of arcade-style fighting game. Injustice: Gods Among Us is an innovative arcade fighter based on the fictional universes of DC Comics. Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment published the game in 2013 after a long and wildly successful marketing campaign. The unique storyline and iconic characters were written by DC Comics. NetherRealm Studios, a video game developer made rich and famous for rebooting the Mortal Kombat fighting game series, developed the gameplay and graphics. Three of the most well respected names in their respective genres worked closely together to produce this game, all contributing some of their best work to make this game arguably the best in its genre. The success of almost every product, especially in the category of video games, is somewhat dependent on the promotional hype leading up to its release and the ability to maintain a strong fan base after its release. In the case of Injustice, the marketing campaign was very impressive. Warner Bros. is a massive entertainment company made one of the major names in show business through over a century of ingenious marketing, and they did an excellent job with this one. Prior to its release, the company launched a web-based promotional series featuring weekly matchups between characters, showcasing the uniqueness of multiple characters, interactive fighting arenas, smooth gameplay and beautiful graphics. Through another intuitive marketing ploy, fans could vote on their favorite characters to participate in the next tournament style showdown. This event, coupled with the extensive use of TV commercials and website ads, led to an extremely successful release. A major selling point in any game is the plotline. Injustice: Gods Among Us offers the most interesting story of any other fighting game available, hands down. DC Comics has already spent decades establishing iconic super heroes and villains, with hundreds of unique story arcs and various team ups- and the story arc they wrote for Injustice is just as rewarding as anything you might find in a comic book, perhaps even more so. It is the ultimate script, showing comic book fans what happens when Superman finally snaps and decides that mortals need to be ruled by his near limitless power. It gives an outlet for all our musings over who would win in a fight, with Batman leading the Insurgency against Superman’s Regime. It blurs the line between hero and villain, transitioning between multiple universes to recruit Insurgents- including Superman’s counterpart- to fight side by side with what were once his greatest enemies. The story is told by short cutscenes before and after each playable battle. In total, there is about two hours’ worth of animated movie material telling this epic tale. These cutscenes provide the only source of material to those perpetually negative critics. It has been said that the near-perfect game tries for too much when it comes to graphics. These critics are referring to the background images in scenes with large clashing armies, mountainous landscapes or a distant metropolis, claiming that the art has â€Å"bland textures and shoddily modeled buildings† (Ingenito). However, every critic I’ve found also praises the in-game art and graphics, admiring the smooth and realistic gameplay. In my opinion, it is only the outstanding level of detail on the superhero close-up shots that dull the background textures in comparison. Besides the impressive computer generated graphics, what makes this game so appealing visually is the smooth gameplay. It has become the standard for modern video games to strive for perfect flow with minimal lag. Nowadays most video games use a level of technology unimaginable twenty five years ago, yet receive the harshest criticism for even the slightest lag. Despite the public’s increasingly demanding taste, NetherRealm Studios has drawn only

The Significance of Physical Therapy Professor Ramos Blog

The Significance of Physical Therapy What pops into one’s head when thinking of a doctor? Most people say a doctor is the person one goes to visit when they are sick and hands them medicine in order to feel better. What most people may not know is that a Physical Therapist is now required to accomplish a doctorate degree in order to officially become a Doctor of Physical Therapy. From healing the individuals that have broken, fractured or even to helping those with lifelong diseases. Perhaps one of the most important aspects included in this career is the patient. The outcome of whether or not therapy works fluently almost entirely relies on patient participation. Not only are Physical Therapists greatly compensated for their work, but the patient outcome of regaining the strength they once had is perhaps the greatest reward.   Six to eight years is typically what this career entails. Completing such degrees as a Bachelor’s, Master’s as well as a Doctorate. After completing the doctorate degree, one now has the honor of being a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT). As well as the education aspect of being a participant of this career path, after completion, one must go through a series of state and federal certification as well as taking a state exam in order to get a state license. Along with the certifications and state license, a national exam is required in order to be a recognized PT. The national exam is called by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (â€Å"Physical Therapist†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). After completion of the education required, a new doctor is born. After years of experience, some physical therapists choose to become a board-certified specialist offered by The American Board of Physical Therapy Specialities. A board-certified specialist can specialize in one of nine dif ferent specialties which include sports, orthopedics, and geriatrics. The compensation PT’s receive is quite large considering they are a type of doctor. Physical Therapists usually get paid a median of $91,541 a year. The highest quantity of payment would be as high as $104,437 in the Inglewood, California area (â€Å"Physical Therapist in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Higher compensation would be determined by the wealth class of the area one is working in.   Often times, therapy is thought to treat the injured or hurt. Physical Therapists treat a lot more people than one may think. No one goes without the equal attention from a PT; from the elderly to the hurt to the medically disabled even to individuals with body affecting diseases. The elderly seem to need the most aid from a PT, due to their rapid loss of strength and ability. Regaining strength and muscle is a major part in the rehabilitation process. A patient walking through therapy often times needs more help and support regaining strength than anything else. Most hear or see an individual going to therapy because of something they suffered. Unlike an injury or fracture, a stroke is both serious and harmful event that can cause lifelong defects, or in most cases, the worst punishment of all, death. Individuals with strokes and or minor heart attacks visit a DPT’s office daily. The loss of strength, movement, and guidance often come with a stroke. Strokes are the leading ca use of disability. 75% of the 550,000 individuals who survive a stroke go on to live with varying degrees of impairment or disability (â€Å"Analysis of the Relationship†¦). Perhaps what most of the career consists of is patient participation. â€Å" The goal of a physical therapist is to promote the patients ability to move, reduce pain, restore function, and prevent disability† (Ross). However, This cannot happen if the patient does not go through with his part of the deal. The patient is not only the person who gives the PT work but also is the most important factor when determining the success of the treatment. The experience one has at a PT office does not depend so much on the DPT as it does on the patient. Participation of the patient very often determines the length of the stay, the effectiveness of the stay and the experience of the stay (â€Å"Significance of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Whether it be a good or bad experience the therapists cannot do much for an individual if they do not participate. According to recent studies done by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Physical Therapy is in good hands in terms of future jobs. Between 2014 and 2024, Physical Therapist jobs will skyrocket by 34% . Approximately 210,900 licenced PTs are currently employed. That number will increase to an astonishing 282,700 by the year 2024. (Ross) Physical Therapy is not only well recognized for their work in the field of medicine, but has also been recognized nationally by mainstream media. Big names such as Forbes and CNN took some time to polish up the career of Physical Therapy in the media. â€Å"Forbes ranked physical therapists as having 1 of The Ten Happiest Jobs, according to articles published in 2013 and 2011. CNNMoney.com gave physical therapists a grade of â€Å"A† in Personal Satisfaction in 2012, as well as in its â€Å"Benefit to Society† categories.† As if the media polishing was not enough, more than three quarters of Physical Therapists polled to be â€Å" very satisfied† with their occupation (Ross). However, according to DPT Peter Christakos expresses his opinion towards the rapidly increasing profession. He describes the altering of PT class sizes in order to fulfill the fast growing student clusters. Christakos goes on to compare the profession of Physical Therapy to a bubble. The significance of a larger class size to the ongoing growth class sizes comes without saying. However, Peter does give a valid point when expressing that Physical Therapists hold the future of the profession in their hands. The supply and demand curve of future jobs in the field is meant to be untouched by PTs (Christakos). By increasing class volumes, the supply demand would be shooting up, leaving demand to catch up by itself. Christakos sketches the bubble of the profession,and asks â€Å"Will we [PTs] let it burst?† (Christakos) Having the opportunity to change one’s life go many ways. Physical Therapists aid those in need to positively impact their life. The hefty compensation goes without saying when speaking in terms of the patient’s progress and accomplishments during the rehabilitation process. The outcome does in fact affect the outcome of the treatment. Unlike other occupations, PTs can not do much for an individual if the patient does not cooperate. A Doctor of Physical Therapist plays a major part in the world of health care. The regaining of strength and ability of an individual who was once as strong as an ox   could not be done without a DPT. Christakos, Peter. â€Å"When Will the Bubble Burst?† PT in Motion. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5sid=1241b402-b590-43cd -ade4-b3de755e27db%40sdc-v-sessmgr03 . 23 July 2019 K, Janet. â€Å"Analysis of the Relationship Between the Utilization of Physical Therapy Services and Outcomes for Patients With Acute Stroke.† OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1  Oct. 1999, www.academic.oup.com/ptj/article/79/10/906/2842426 . Accessed 23 July 2019 â€Å"Physical Therapist Salary in Inglewood, CA.† Salary.com,  www.salary.com/research/salary/benchmark/physical-therapist-salary/inglewood-ca?personalized. Accessed 23 July 2019 â€Å"Physical Therapists : Occupational Outlook Handbook:† U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.  Bureau of Labor Statistics, www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm. Accessed 23 July 2019 Ross, Libby. â€Å"Benefits of a Physical Therapist Career.† APTA,  www.apta.org/PTCareers/Benefits/. Accessed 23 July 2019 â€Å"Significance of Poor Patient Participation in Physical and Occupational Therapy for Functional  Outcome and Length of Stay.† Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, W.B.   www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003999304004307. 23 July 2019

Beloved Character Analysis

Is Beloved the ghostly reincarnation of Sethe’s murdered baby, a flesh and blood version of the spirit Paul D. drives from the house? Or is Beloved unquestionably a ghost? The uniformly accepted notion that Beloved is a ghost is interesting, given that evidence throughout the book suggests that she is a reincarnated being. As the reader recalls, Sethe killed her first daughter with the idea that doing so would free her daughter from slavery. As a result of Sethe’s â€Å"motherly† actions, Beloved, enslaves the rest of the family including Sethe’s daughter, Denver. The family becomes disconnected from and outcasted by the black community, as everyone fears approaching the residency â€Å"haunted† by the supernatural. As the novel progresses, the presence of an unknown girl at 124 intrudes, yet again, on the lifestyle of Denver and Sethe. This character, who is identified as Beloved is ambiguously portrayed and therefore her analysis is the topic of debate and discussion. The character that is recognized at the 124 residency is in fact the reincarnation of Sethe’s first daughter, Beloved. The idea of the reincarnated in this novel is well established. Although, to the reader the possibility of this seems unlikely, in the book there are several examples that point to this being true. For example, the reader witnesses Sethe overlook obvious signs showing that this girl actually could be the personification of her murdered baby daughter. Additionally, Beloved is approximately the same age that Sethe’s first born would have been if still alive, and more evidence lies in the fact that she shares the same name as the one engraved on the baby’s tombstone. It happens that these trails of evidence all occur in order in the same scene. One evening Denver, Sethe, and Beloved are all gathered around a fire, and Sethe comes to a realization about the aforementioned evidence about Beloved. â€Å"The click had clicked; things were where they ought to be or poised and ready to glide in,† (Morrison 207). Beloved hums a tune, one that Sethe immediately recognizes. The scene seems surreal as Sethe is taken aback by the occurrence. â€Å"I made that song up. I made it up and sang it to my children. Nobody knows that song but me and my children,† (Morrison 207). Additionally, Beloved’s demeanor is that of a typical two year old. Her thoughts and actions mimic those of a young child rather than a young adult. For example, Beloved deeply loves her mother, Sethe, and is attached to her just as a young child would be. Not only does Beloved share a passionate love for her mother, but feelings are mutual toward, Denver, her sister. Beloved is jealous of the relationship Denver and Sethe share. Once again, these all point to the childish characteristics Beloved possesses in her reincarnated form. In referring to Sethe Beloved states â€Å"I am Beloved and she is mine† (Morrison 248). â€Å"It was Beloved who made demands. Anything she wanted she got, and when Sethe ran out of things to give her, Beloved invented desire† (Morrison 240). â€Å"When once or twice when Sethe tried to assert herself, be the unquestioned mother whose word was law and who knew what was best – Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, and broke a windowpane† (Morrison 242). Taking all of these factors into account, many would find it hard to dispute against Beloved’s reincarnated state. There are many supporting details that point to Beloved’s true identity. Beloved’s portrayal is in fragments and the reader must pay close attention to give away details about this young woman identity. Unraveling the great mystery of this young woman lies within the text, but yet many different opinions of Beloved still exist. Beloved Character Analysis Is Beloved the ghostly reincarnation of Sethe’s murdered baby, a flesh and blood version of the spirit Paul D. drives from the house? Or is Beloved unquestionably a ghost? The uniformly accepted notion that Beloved is a ghost is interesting, given that evidence throughout the book suggests that she is a reincarnated being. As the reader recalls, Sethe killed her first daughter with the idea that doing so would free her daughter from slavery. As a result of Sethe’s â€Å"motherly† actions, Beloved, enslaves the rest of the family including Sethe’s daughter, Denver. The family becomes disconnected from and outcasted by the black community, as everyone fears approaching the residency â€Å"haunted† by the supernatural. As the novel progresses, the presence of an unknown girl at 124 intrudes, yet again, on the lifestyle of Denver and Sethe. This character, who is identified as Beloved is ambiguously portrayed and therefore her analysis is the topic of debate and discussion. The character that is recognized at the 124 residency is in fact the reincarnation of Sethe’s first daughter, Beloved. The idea of the reincarnated in this novel is well established. Although, to the reader the possibility of this seems unlikely, in the book there are several examples that point to this being true. For example, the reader witnesses Sethe overlook obvious signs showing that this girl actually could be the personification of her murdered baby daughter. Additionally, Beloved is approximately the same age that Sethe’s first born would have been if still alive, and more evidence lies in the fact that she shares the same name as the one engraved on the baby’s tombstone. It happens that these trails of evidence all occur in order in the same scene. One evening Denver, Sethe, and Beloved are all gathered around a fire, and Sethe comes to a realization about the aforementioned evidence about Beloved. â€Å"The click had clicked; things were where they ought to be or poised and ready to glide in,† (Morrison 207). Beloved hums a tune, one that Sethe immediately recognizes. The scene seems surreal as Sethe is taken aback by the occurrence. â€Å"I made that song up. I made it up and sang it to my children. Nobody knows that song but me and my children,† (Morrison 207). Additionally, Beloved’s demeanor is that of a typical two year old. Her thoughts and actions mimic those of a young child rather than a young adult. For example, Beloved deeply loves her mother, Sethe, and is attached to her just as a young child would be. Not only does Beloved share a passionate love for her mother, but feelings are mutual toward, Denver, her sister. Beloved is jealous of the relationship Denver and Sethe share. Once again, these all point to the childish characteristics Beloved possesses in her reincarnated form. In referring to Sethe Beloved states â€Å"I am Beloved and she is mine† (Morrison 248). â€Å"It was Beloved who made demands. Anything she wanted she got, and when Sethe ran out of things to give her, Beloved invented desire† (Morrison 240). â€Å"When once or twice when Sethe tried to assert herself, be the unquestioned mother whose word was law and who knew what was best – Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, and broke a windowpane† (Morrison 242). Taking all of these factors into account, many would find it hard to dispute against Beloved’s reincarnated state. There are many supporting details that point to Beloved’s true identity. Beloved’s portrayal is in fragments and the reader must pay close attention to give away details about this young woman identity. Unraveling the great mystery of this young woman lies within the text, but yet many different opinions of Beloved still exist.

Marketing of Chicago Cutlery, Dexter-Russell, Cutco,and Emerils Research Paper

Marketing of Chicago Cutlery, Dexter-Russell, Cutco,and Emerils Cutlery - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Chicago cutlery was established way back in 1930. The business venture offers knife conditioning service to professional butchers and packing plants. Initially, knife conditioning was their main specialty, but when the demand for sharp knives increased, the business venture (Chicago cutlery) introduced a knife manufacturing business for the meat and poultry industry. Back in 1969, Chicago cutlery also ventured in the retail market with professional cutlery. They designed knives to cater for increasing demands of professional knife users. The knives were also available for home use. At the present, Chicago cutlery brand is owned by world kitchen, LLC. Market segmentation is to identify and profile distinct groups of knife users who might be having homogenous characteristics or needs, and hence, prefer varied genres of knives. Market segments are identified by Chicago cutlery by identifying, notifying and examining demographic, psychograph ic and behavioral differences among buyers. The firms then decide which segments present the greatest opportunity and whose needs the firms can meet in a superior fashion. The cutlery firms also aim at one or more market segments to cater for their needs. For each chosen target market, the firms develop a market offering. To satisfy the needs of the consumers more successfully and reach them in the most effective and efficient way, the cutlery firms identify groups of customers or potential customers with homogeneous characteristics or behaviors and try to adapt their service as much as possible to the unique needs and desires of the segment members. They identify and profile distinct groups of knife lovers who might have the same needs and hence prefer varied genres of knives. Having defined their market that: they need to supply knives to the meat and poultry industry, as well as a house, holds, the cutlery firms then go ahead to design knives for specific usage. The company has s egmented the market according to the needs of the customers. The world kitchen manufactures and markets branded consumer bakeware, dinnerware, kitchen, and houseware tools. Their cutlery products include well-known brands such as Corelle, Pyrex, Corning Ware, and Chicago Cutlery.

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing - Assignment Example To achieve the consistent theme the magazine uses pictures and names of different products that are on offer. In addition, the magazine highlights the location of different properties, customer service that are offered and the working hours of the company. The consistent features of the magazine are elements that are intended to give more information to the customers about the quality of the products and their benefits to the customers. This includes pictures of the actual item, fine details about the products such as type, model, and performance. Other consistent features of the magazine include terms of sale such as prices of different products, buying procedures and after sales service. The leading title of the article has a direct relationship with the ad. â€Å"Automobile Magazine launches new Ipad application† (Diehlman web). This title is directly related to the advertisements of the magazine. The magazine displays a wide range of exclusive products for its customers to choose. The title of the article is intended at capturing the interest of customers who are willing to either own motor vehicles or upgrade their current cars with the classy products offered by Suzuki. The competitive environment of the magazine is its unique display of different classy motor vehicles. In collaboration with the Apple Company, the magazine has launched an Ipad application for its customers. The ad is intended for first time car owners particularly those who are looking for classy and sophisticated models of automobiles. The ad also targets people who are conscious of technology. With the abilities of modern devices such as Ipads and Ipad, car owners can have different abi lities on their cars. The ad is also targeting those who are willing to upgrade their current automobiles for the available classy cars that are on display. Finally, the ad is targeting people who like been

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 4 Essay

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 4 - Essay Example Te terrorists view this as the only easiest route to gaining easy entry into the United States for their terrorist missions. There are four main reasons for the immigration of terrorist groups into Mexico. One key reason of relocation of terrorist groups’ members to Mexico is because of the inability of the security authorities in Mexico to secure some parts of the country and its borders. Another key reason for settlement of terrorist groups in Mexico is because of the country’s proximity to the United States. Thus, it is easy for the terrorist groups to send their members on terrorist missions in the United States. The existence of drugs and weapons smuggling cartels along the Amexica border is another reason for settlement of terrorist groups in Mexico (White, 2013). This is because terrorist groups can use these cartels to smuggle deadly weapons in the United States. Lastly, the porous border of the United States and Mexico has attracted terrorist organizations to Mexico as this gives them the opportunity to sneak in and out of the United States and research on their targets. America had to establish a department for homeland security after the attacks that took place in 2011. It was one of the best ways that the government wanted to protect the citizens from attacks by terror groups. From the past political scenes on news, it is evident that the homeland department has worked with many other countries such as Mexico. As a result, most security agencies in Mexico are now vigilant when it comes to preventing terrorist activities. They conduct frequent border patrols on either sides of the border to arrest unlawful immigrants. The United States also uses drones to monitor the Amexica porous border. Mexican authorities have countered interaction between terrorists and smuggling cartels by arresting leaders of the

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 15

International Business - Essay Example ompanies targeting either India or China for the expansion of their businesses at present because of the immense growth potentials in these countries. India and China are two countries which escaped from the current financial crisis without much damage. It is not easy for a company to set up business in an overseas country because of the various challenges they may face in the target country. Human resource management is one of the core functional areas the offshoring organizations should consider in their business strategies. This paper assumes that Microsoft, the American operating system/ computer software manufacturer is looking to establish a subsidiary unit of Microsoft in India. The various aspects of human resource management issues Microsoft may face in India is briefly explained in this paper. Microsoft is one of the best examples of a monopolistic firm of the current century. No challenge at all for Microsoft in most of the countries in which they operate. In fact other companies like Intel forced to make microprocessor chips compatible for the smooth operation of Microsoft’s Windows based operating systems. In other worlds, Microsoft’s monopoly forces even other companies to dance with the tunes composed by Microsoft. Even though nobody has any doubt about Microsoft’s abilities in controlling the software industry all over the world, there is no guarantee that it may become successful in every country if it overlooks the customized needs of each country. For example, India and China are two different countries compared to America and business concepts, organizational culture, behavior, and environment in these countries are entirely different from that of America. Microsoft needs to formulate customized business strategies for both of these countries, if they want to excel in these countries. India is a secular democratic country and the second largest country in the world as far as population is concerned. Moreover India is recognized as one

The difference between alternative and conventional medicine Thesis

The difference between alternative and conventional medicine - Thesis Example It is very interesting to know that the number of individuals who visit alternative therapies is already higher than those individuals who visit the Western-based physicians. (Eisenberg et al., 1998) Even though some people make use of CAM as a substitute for a conventional medicine (Druss & Rosenheck, 1999), several studies believe that the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) could complement the use of a conventional medicine (Egede et al., 2002; Druss & Rosenheck, 1999). In line with the use of CAM, there are also several studies suggesting that the patients’ use of CAM is a major factor that makes some people avoids the use of conventional medicine (Robinson et al., 2002; Astin, 1998). Despite the significant increase in the use of CAM, there are still many people who remain unclear with regards to the differences between alternative and conventional medicine. To enable the readers have a better understanding with regards to the differences between the two types of medicine, the definition of alternative and conventional medicine will first be provided followed by discussing some general information about the use of CAM and conventional medicine. This study will gather some past and present academic literature that discusses and differentiate alternative medicine from a conventional medicine. After discussing the major factors behind the shift from conventional medicine to the use of CAM, the effectiveness between CAM and conventional medicine will be compared and contrast. As part of the conclusion, whether or not alternative medicine is better than a conventional medicine will be justified. Alternative medicine is â€Å"a form of healing arts that is not taught in a traditional Western medical schools that could promote options to the use of conventional medicine† (MedicineNet.com, 2007). It is basically â€Å"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not currently considered

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 4 Essay

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 4 - Essay Example Te terrorists view this as the only easiest route to gaining easy entry into the United States for their terrorist missions. There are four main reasons for the immigration of terrorist groups into Mexico. One key reason of relocation of terrorist groups’ members to Mexico is because of the inability of the security authorities in Mexico to secure some parts of the country and its borders. Another key reason for settlement of terrorist groups in Mexico is because of the country’s proximity to the United States. Thus, it is easy for the terrorist groups to send their members on terrorist missions in the United States. The existence of drugs and weapons smuggling cartels along the Amexica border is another reason for settlement of terrorist groups in Mexico (White, 2013). This is because terrorist groups can use these cartels to smuggle deadly weapons in the United States. Lastly, the porous border of the United States and Mexico has attracted terrorist organizations to Mexico as this gives them the opportunity to sneak in and out of the United States and research on their targets. America had to establish a department for homeland security after the attacks that took place in 2011. It was one of the best ways that the government wanted to protect the citizens from attacks by terror groups. From the past political scenes on news, it is evident that the homeland department has worked with many other countries such as Mexico. As a result, most security agencies in Mexico are now vigilant when it comes to preventing terrorist activities. They conduct frequent border patrols on either sides of the border to arrest unlawful immigrants. The United States also uses drones to monitor the Amexica porous border. Mexican authorities have countered interaction between terrorists and smuggling cartels by arresting leaders of the

The difference between alternative and conventional medicine Thesis

The difference between alternative and conventional medicine - Thesis Example It is very interesting to know that the number of individuals who visit alternative therapies is already higher than those individuals who visit the Western-based physicians. (Eisenberg et al., 1998) Even though some people make use of CAM as a substitute for a conventional medicine (Druss & Rosenheck, 1999), several studies believe that the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) could complement the use of a conventional medicine (Egede et al., 2002; Druss & Rosenheck, 1999). In line with the use of CAM, there are also several studies suggesting that the patients’ use of CAM is a major factor that makes some people avoids the use of conventional medicine (Robinson et al., 2002; Astin, 1998). Despite the significant increase in the use of CAM, there are still many people who remain unclear with regards to the differences between alternative and conventional medicine. To enable the readers have a better understanding with regards to the differences between the two types of medicine, the definition of alternative and conventional medicine will first be provided followed by discussing some general information about the use of CAM and conventional medicine. This study will gather some past and present academic literature that discusses and differentiate alternative medicine from a conventional medicine. After discussing the major factors behind the shift from conventional medicine to the use of CAM, the effectiveness between CAM and conventional medicine will be compared and contrast. As part of the conclusion, whether or not alternative medicine is better than a conventional medicine will be justified. Alternative medicine is â€Å"a form of healing arts that is not taught in a traditional Western medical schools that could promote options to the use of conventional medicine† (MedicineNet.com, 2007). It is basically â€Å"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not currently considered

Importance Of Law In To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Example for Free

Importance Of Law In To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Law’s are made for many different reasons, they are made to keep society in place, they are made to give justice to everyone, they are made to give equality to all, they are made to stop intolerable acts, and they are made to uphold our strict justice system. When it comes to practicing law I believe that no exceptions may be made in any circumstances because a rule is a rule. With one exception being made many people would be at a disadvantage, creating an unfair justice system. Pretend you are a driving your child to their doctor’s appointment, when you realize that you may be late you begin to speed. Eventually you are going 50 miles per hour on a 35 miles per hour road and you run a red light. The police eventually pull you over, and you explain to them your delema. Instead of being understanding and thoughtful of your situation the police officer charges you with both a ticket for speeding and running a red light. Acording to the law this is the right thing to do but according to Atticus, in To Kill A Mokingbird, the policie officer should have accepted your reasoning and allowed you to go free of charge because â€Å"sometimes it is better to bend the law a little in special cases.† (30) I disagree with Atticus because stretching the law in minor casing may seem understandable but laws are made for certain reason’s and when there is an exception made for one person there should be an exception made for any person who breaks the law. Much like in chapter 3 of To Kill A Mockingbird. The Ewell family is a family of much lower social ranking and class that the Cunninham’s. Burris Ewell proves this to be true when he arrives to school with worms attactched to his body and lice in his head, and no shoes on (further explain)

Rhys In Wide Sargasso Sea Analysis

Rhys In Wide Sargasso Sea Analysis Rhys in Wide Sargasso sea illustrates how Antoinettes identity is so completely weaken through the patriarchal oppression that when she looks into the mirror she does not recognize her own reflection. It was then I saw her the ghost ,the woman with streaming hair. she was surrounded by a gift frame but I knew her(pg.154). Antoinette does not realize that what she sees is a reflection of her broken selfhood. Her self hood has under gone an irretrievable split. With her heart and spirit broken she began to exhibit signs of an emotionally weak, confused and unbalanced woman. Rhys gives voice to madwoman who has been othered by imperialistic and patriarchal oppression. Her madness is shown through out the novel to be a reaction to oppression. Antoinette is imprisoned by the patriarchal rules of her marriage, which eventually leads to madness. Antoinettes marriage is the culmination of this enforced literal oppression. Rhys illustrates the injustice of Rochesters assumption that mothers madness must inevitably passed on to the daughter. Rhys shows that Rochesters cruelty towards Antoinette is due to a projection onto her of his hate for his father, and the marriage arrangement which he has been pushed into. His anger is the anger of the oppressed. Like Antoinette, he is a victim of imperialistic and patriarchal oppression. I agree with Teresa F.OConnors arguments about Mr. Rochesters cruel treatment of Antoinette. She argues that her cruelties derive from his own rejection by his father and Antoinette becomes his scape-goat for the hate he feels towards him(162). Although, Mr. Rochesters cruelties derive from his hatred of his father, but his cruelties are still approved of by the patriarchal society. He is allowed to treat his wife disrespectfully because of the patriarchal norms. Thus, Mr. Rochester with his patriarchal oppression, is the reason for their failed marriage. Teresa F. O Connor says that, Mr. Rochester acts as the colonizing English aggressive, controlling, urban, and a warrior that captures wealth, property and people(170). Antoinettes attempt to make her husband love her by seducing him into having sexual inter-course with her is ineffective. Rochester reflects in the text; I woke in the dark after dreaming that i was buried alive, and when I was awake the feeling of suffocation persisted(Rhys 87). The suffocation he feels derives from finding himself in the power of his wife and not the other way around. He then demonstrates his sexual power over her by denying her a physical relationship with him, yet sleeping with the black servant, Amelia, he derives her further away from her identity. Mr. Rochesters infidelity is a way for her to demonstrate his patriarchal power over Antoinette and show her that she can not control him. Rochester tries to assign animality to his wife. He describes Antoinette degradingly by trying to destroy her human identity and make her more animal like. When Antoinette comes out of her room and rages about her husbands infidelity with Amelia, he diminishes Antoinettes human features in order to explain her madness, Her hair hung uncombed and dull into her eyes which were inflamed and staring, her face was very flushed and looked swollen.(Rhys93) Alienation is the major reason for Antoinettes psychological break down. Mr. Rochester alienates her by eliminating her identity and forcing a new one upon her. For in Wide Sargasso sea Rochesters rejection of Antoinette is the final straw in her isolated, painful, emotionally deprived life which cause her to adopt an exact mirroring of mothers expression which allows Rochester to label her Bertha, the stereotype of madness created by patriarchal society. The moment he turns Antoinette into Bertha and then to Marionette is emblematic. Rochester can be seen here as an agressive tyrant, when he deprives Antoinette from her identity. Rhys writes him directly into the role of colonize at the point where he changes Antoinettes name to Bertha. She becomes like a mirror, first wiped, clean of her own selfhood into which he then project his self-hatred, which he finally breaks up as she might a doll, chanting to her, the lulling and demeaning refrain, Marionette, Antoinette, in attempt to get rid of his own guilt. He begins to call her Bertha, signaling the beginning of his separating himself from her (ironically he likes to call her Bertha because it is a name dear to him). Rochester renames Antoinette; he controls her body now, but not her spirit. Antoinette is only a puppet, a doll for him, the doll had a dolls voice, a breathless but curiously indifferent voice(Rhys155). This also indicates that men reduce women to objects in order to control them, but inside the doll, underneath, the disguise, there is still the woman, who has feelings and emotions and who would rather give up her body then her spirit. We can see in part three of Wide Sargasso sea, Antoinette attaches values to names, Names matter, like when he woudnt call me Antoinette, and I saw Antoinette drifting out of the window with her scents, her pretty clothes and her looking glass(Rhys 117). Names matter because they are part of a persons identity and through a persons name he or she can be identified in a community. Mr. Rochester also shows his colonial power when he eliminates his wifes identity, as a colonizer he tries to force a British identity upon her. The patriarchal Mr. Rochesters obsession to dominate and control his wife makes him alienate Antoinette from her own identity. He tries to eliminate Antoinettes identity and turns her into a Victorian Englishwoman. Though Antoinette seems to perceive her fate as inevitable, she gives in and dies emotionally. She never becomes Bertha, at least not the perfect angel that Rochester wants to be. She says Bertha is not my name; you are trying to make me into someone else, calling me by another name. Renaming Antoinette is one way in which Rochester exerts his masculine power over his wife. He tries to create a woman whom he can control, dominate and possess. But Antoinette only seems to submit to it. Her struggle is on the inside, and instead of becoming the English girl, Rochester wishes her to be, she becomes someone else, someone much like her mother was. In the end of the part two when Mr. Rochester and Antoinette are about o leave for England, Mr. Rochester notices that she has lost her vitality and acts completely passive. She was so shocked to see Rochesters behavior towards her that she becomes like Zombie, having no soul. Teresa F.OConnors says that, the mad females in Wide Sargasso Sea turn their madness inwards (197). This is what happens to Antoinette, the destruction and alienation of her identity leads to her madness. Thus Mr. Rochester considers her to be mad. He wants to destroy her even more by eliminating every autonomous part of her, he wants complete control over her body and mind. By destroying her last spark of life, he turns Antoinette into an aphasic object. Being turned into someone else and loosing the only place where she has felt happiness and safety, gives her nothing to identify with. But I love this place and you have made it into a place I hate. I used to think that if everything else went out of my life I would still have this, and now you have spoilt it. Its just some where else where I have been unhappyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (Rhys95) Thus, Mr. Rochester has power, through his patriarchal position in their marriage, the power to destroy both Antoinettes identity of soul and identity of place. Rhys allows Antoinette to rise above her situation by seeking final revenge on Rochester and gaining back her independence, her sanity and her life. Rhys shows from the beginning of Antoinettes marriage, her defensive behavior. When her husband tries to teach her about the life style he finds correct, she argues against him in order to maintain her own ideals and values. She also fights to keep her husband when she finds out about his infidelity, she asks Christophine to help her with Obeah (Voodoo) in order to maker her husband love her. Christophine who is the figure of female independence in all forms (sexually, economically and politically) suggests to Antoinette what to do and how to solve their problems with her husband. Christophine advices Antoinette to be strong and independent like her self. She says, A man dont treat you good, pick up your skirt and walk out. In the end he comes to find how you do without him, he sees you fat and happy, he wants you back. Men are like that (pg69). What is certain is that Christophine considers her self free to contrast Rochesters behavior to accuse him of reducing Antoinette to a doll. She is so self-confident to answer him directly, coldly and going beyond his pretension of patriarchal power, this is a free country and I am a free woman. Christophine says to Rochester, she tells me in the middle of this you start calling her names Marionette some what so. Here Rhys illustrate that sexual and emotional oppression seems to be the key idea in patriarchal tyranny, for Antoinette lets her self to be victimized by the enemy, the man she was trick into marrying. In the end, however, after Rochester has drained her of all emotions, she manages to break free from the sufferings by making her last act of self-determination. With this last step, Rhys turns her mad woman into a symbol of female liberation. Antoinette finally regains her activity in the third part of the novel, and takes responsibility for her own life. In this way, she takes her destiny in her own hands. Teresa F. OConnor disagrees with other critics about the third part of Wide Sargasso Sea, where Antoinette appears to burn down her husbands house in England and commit suicide. She does not believe that Antoinettes act of burning down the house is an act of rebellion and resistance. She believes it to be a passive act since Antoinette is unaware that her act is rebellious (168). I disagree with Teresa that the apparent act of burning down Mr. Rochesters house is a passive act. Antoinette does not really burn down in her dream, she ha a premonition in her dream that she sets his house on fire and commits suicide by jumping from the building. When she wakes up she is convinced of what she has to do. Now at last I know why I was brought here and what I have to do. This statement is made by a woman perfectly awake with a clear mind. Antoinettes act of burning down his house is an active choice which brings her back from her apathy. This is an act of revenge that restores her agency that her husband had tried to eliminate. In the light of Cixouss theory, I support my statement that Antoinettes madness is a rebellion against the patriarchal repression and before her suicide; she destroys the prison that has held her captive by burning the house, an old dignified English Mansion representing the patriarchal tradition. Antoinettes rebellion against her patriarchal husband can be related to the incident when her childhood home, Coulibri, was burnt down. Despite her husbands effort to destroy her identity and take away her sanity, he can never control her completely. She still has her own will left, which is displayed in her final act of revenge and rebellion against her oppressive husband. She sets her self free from patriarchal oppression and takes command over her own situation by deciding her own course of life or, as in this case, death. Therefore, in part three Rhys with the use of color red shows how Antoinette destroys the dominant discourse of the patriarchal society. Red is metaphorically associated with passion and it is also associated with Antoinette and with her red-soiled through out the Wide Sargasso Sea. It is repeatedly repressed by her husband as he prefers her white dress which is the symbol of innocence and purity. He rejects the flame red dress with which she identifies her self as intemperate and unchaste. This tendency to suppress the color red is reversed in the third part of the novel. As Antoinette takes her red dress that has a meaning from the cupboard in the red curtained room in which she has asked Grace Poole to light a fire and is reminded of the color of fire and sunset in her home town. Every thing associated with red is repeated again and again in the novel to show the destruction of patriarchal order. The red is the color of flames which Antoinette dreams she sets fire to Thorn field, thus symbolically destroying the patriarchal order that is upheld by discourse. She decides to leave the oppressive world behind her by choosing death instead of an imprisoned life, although the choice of death in order to be free may seem as a poor alternative. It does show, though, Antoinettes determination not to be governed and have someone else decide her destiny, by committing suicide she takes her destiny in her own hands. There must have been a draught for the flame, flickered and I thought it was out. But I shielded it with my hand and it burned up against to light me along the dark passage. Thus, Rhys represents her protagonist with a ray of light o guide her hopes. For Antoinette at least the darkness of ignorance, despair and death are finally illuminated by the light of self-knowledge and revolt.