Youth and Its Power for India

India,now aged at 65 is in my view one of the largest reservoir of Youth population. Generally defined in the age group of 16-30 years constitute of more than 40% of India’s population which is indeed a large force. We are energetic, enthusiastic and always full of zeal to do the impossible. If we exclude the youth, the rest of the population of India will comprises of old people and children. They cannot be called the real manpower of the nation. So it is evident that if the youth of the country are not enthused to devote their energies to the task of national reconstruction,the whole Youth Power for India is wasted,or the other way why we youth should wait for someone to enthuse us to show the Youth Power of India. This is our land,our country and it totally depends on us(Indian Youths) how we take our country forward. But having such a massive youth population in India will not do any good if our youth population is not shown the right path. Most of the youth in India are generally without any direction,If we can harness this powerhouse of the nation in the right direction then the country can reach untold heights. Being said that we should not completely depend on our Government to harness this powerhouse,contribution of all sides is required for this. The best and the first and foremost way to strengthen our youth are to provide them Education. Education plays a vital role for this,we should be able to educate all our youth from the initial stages of their life,We should be able to make them understand the importance of Education. Not just any kind of Education, but the right kind of Education which makes them scientific, logical, open-minded, self-respecting, responsible, honest and patriotic. Without these virtues being developed, our youth cannot walk in the desired way and they will stay in a deep slumber of complacency. Even education to some extent will not help as we see many educated young population working overseas,The question is why can’t they do it here,the nswer lies in lack of opportunities which is in plenty in other countires. Why our country is unable to offer such opportunities to us? Its because the Government have not taken any initiative or we the youth have not taken any steps to make government realise the power of youth. Have we forgotten that today India is Independent because of the youth power in our freedom struggle,we owe Independent India to the youth power of our past and to make it better for our future generation we must rise once again together. Youth of India must be able to come up with new ideas of Entrepreneurship which is very vital for the country’s growth. For a youth educated in India he/she must think about the development in India which now have utmost important for our country’s development. Let us focus on constructively using the power of the youth for the betterment of the nation. Let us frame such policies which aim at empowering our youth so that we can be assured of a better future and a brighter tomorrow.

A regular turn in American sign language Essay

In the next example, the Professor is suggesting that the next step is to separate portions of the Student’s narrative into chunks. She explains that narrative chunks in spoken languages are detected through linguistic cues, such as rhythm, intonation, and discourse markers (Chafe 1982). She concludes by saying that she does not know if ASL has these cues or if there are other kinds of cues. Her final remark, Ð ° rhetorical question, is interpreted into ASL as Ð ° direct question: Does ASL has cues? The Student immediately responds, â€Å"YES† The Professor’s delay at hearing Ð ° response is minimal, less than Ð ° half second. The briefness of this delay accounts for the illusion that the speakers are almost talking to each other, Because the Student begins to respond in ASL by the second potential turn transition, the exchange between Professor, Student, and Interpreter occurs seemingly naturally within Ð ° brief time span and without problems. That primary speakers are responding to the Interpreter in terms of the norms of their own language is also demonstrated by their nonverbal behavior. Both speaker’s nod their heads, smile and silently laugh, and make other gestures at moments that co-occur with utterances they understand in their own languages. For example, later in the meeting when the Professor learns that the Student will be going to another city to give Ð ° speech, she smiles and nods, but these expressions occur after she hears the interpretation in English, not after the Student says it in ASL. one wonders, then, whether the Student understands, intuitively or not, that the nonverbal information he sees the Professor engage in at that moment is attached to what he said moments ago noted that when people speak the same language, they know what facial signals go with what words and so can interpret the combination of the two signals. But when we interact with people who speak another language, any speaker might observe another speaker’s body and facial cues but most likely cannot associate these cues with their exact words, sentence, or meanings. In this section І have demonstrated how the Student and the Professor take turns at potential transition moments within their own language, and thus, with the Interpreter. Regular turns occur naturally in face-to-face interaction, and they also occur naturally in interpreting. The participants, the discourse, and the moment combine (McDermott and Tylbor [1983] call this â€Å"collusion†) to create interactional harmony whereby Ð ° turn happens successfully and comfortably. In regular turns, then, the Interpreter is an active participant who constructed equivalent responses in terms of message content and also in terms of potential turn transition. Knowing when and how to signal turns or pauses is discourse knowledge and an indication of communicative competence. Creating Turns From studies of no interpreted conversations, we know that speakers do not take turns or continue their turns only because they recognize Ð ° transition moment or Ð ° specific syntactic unit that allows for exchange. Bennett (1981) suggests that the structural regularities in discourse and Ð ° participant’s understandings of the thematic flow of the discourse make turn units â€Å"considerably more flexible† (emphasis his) than the notion of turns created solely from structural surface signals. Within conversations, participants create themes which unfold, diverge, and reconverge as the talk proceeds (Bennett 1981). Themes comprised of individual and shared motives, feelings about the subject, and the meanings that are uttered direct conversational contributions Turns, then, also come about through participants’ intuitive sense of â€Å"now† being the right moment to speak, or take Ð ° turn. After playing back the videotape of the meeting once, І asked the participants to focus on turn-taking. І asked them to recall, if they could, their motives and feelings around their turns, and why, in some places, they chose to speak. Predictably, their own reasons for taking Ð ° turn or continuing Ð ° turn were based in large part on their own sense of participation in the conversation and from Ð ° sense of wanting either to contribute to Ð ° theme or, in one case, to stop Ð ° theme. These developments are not predictable but are Ð ° part of conversational behavior. Moreover, the ways in which the interlocutors contribute to the flow constitutes an emerging pattern of conversational style (Tannen 1984). For example, at one point in the meeting, the Professor began to talk even though she could hear an interpretation. During her interview, І asked the Professor about this segment. Her response was, â€Å"І probably just decided it [the Student’s talk] was enough. І didn’t especially want to hear the answer now. І just wanted to set it as Ð ° topic that would be interesting for him to think about and report on during the semester. † The Professor began to talk from her own sense of the direction of the conversation and her desire to have the Student think about the topic and not initiate Ð ° longer discussion at present. To steer the conversation in Ð ° different direction and perhaps head off Ð ° lengthy discussion, she took Ð ° turn from her own sense of needing to alter the theme of the conversation, not from Ð ° surface syntactic signal. In another example, at the beginning of the meeting, the Student was looking at the Interpreter because the Interpreter was signing, and then he turned away from the Interpreter and looked toward the Professor and the telephone and answering machine. He began to talk while the Interpreter was still interpreting, not at Ð ° potential transition moment in ASL. His turn, too, has to be motivated by reasons other than an approaching grammatical unit or paralinguistic signal. When asked why he stopped watching the Interpreter and began to speak, the Student replied, â€Å"І knew where [the Interpreter] was going; І could sense the way his sentence would end. І wanted to see what she was doing to make the phone stop ringing. † (This he had learned from what the Professor had just said. ) Discourse knowledge, real world knowledge, Ð ° sense of conversational direction, speaker intention, and many other factors motivate speakers to take turns. Although interpreters cannot always predict when Ð ° speaker will talk, they can become accustomed to the possibilities of change and that turns can occur at the least likely moments, or rather, at any moment. Primary participants are actively involved in creating and responding to turns, and, for all intents and purposes, make arbitrary decisions which must be managed by an interpreter. More significantly, these examples demonstrate that primary participants are active in the emerging nature and flow of talk as the interpreter directs and coordinates the exchange.

Anna Pavlova – Ballerina Biography

Anna Pavlova Ballerina Biography Anna Pavlova, a famous Russian ballet dancer best known for changing the ideals for ballet dancers, was the first to make ballet popular in America and the rest of the world. Her love for classical ballet, determination to perform her love for the arts, influences and zest can still be evidently felt. Born on 31 January 1881, in St. Petersburg, Russia, Anna Pavlova was awestruck by the first ballet performance she watched and was intent on becoming a ballerina. Petite Pavlova entered the Imperial Ballet School in 1891 despite not having the preferred body type of a ballerina which was a strong, muscular and compact body. However, she gave the examiners enough confidence that she would work hard and excel. In the later years, Pavlova became one of the most astounding ballerinas. Young Pavlova was a talented and hardworking student. Training years were difficult due to her special physique. She was considered physically weak as she was small and thin coupled with highly arched feet un like the preferred body of a ballerina at that time. Pavlova was fed with cod-liver oil which tasted awful to her in the hope of getting the ideal body. Even so she remained slender. In order to improve faster, Pavlova tried imitating other ballet dancers. However her teacher, Pavel Gerdt taught her to  understand her unique dancing of daintiness and fragility and the importance to dance out those rare qualities. Her zeal for ballet was remarkable; she worked hard to strengthen her weakness and also with what she had instead of trying to be someone else. Her willingness to overcome these obstacles at such a young age is commendable. Soon, Pavlova grew in gracefulness and could stand in a way that her body formed a beautiful line where she was able to bend and twist her torso with ease and grace. Instead of mastering multiple fouettes turns and other technical steps that the muscular Italian style had induced at that time, Pavlova danced poetically and expressively. She stood out.. Finally upon graduation, Pavlova’s hard work paid off – she graduated as a first class dancer. After Pavlova’s school years, she continued training hard to improve her technique and even took extra lessons with different teachers such as Christian Johansson, Madame Sokolova and Nikolai Legat. Pavlova graduated at a time where virtuoso Italian ballerinas and a muscular ballet stylewas popular. Although Pavlova had mastered difficult steps and ballet technique, her highly arched feet were still too weak for the flamboyant pointe work. She experimented with ways to wear her pointe shoes with the hope of maximizing her potential. Through experiments, she discovered that by adding a piece of hard leather to the soles, the shoes provided better support. Many people thought this as cheating because ideally, ballerinas should be able to hold their own weight on their toes. However, her idea enabled her to perform better and allowed her to balance in her arabesque with poised and elegance inflicting less pain and  hence easier to sustain on pointe. In doing so, Pavlova created what is known as our pointe shoes today. Being able to go on pointe with ease and having a beautiful extension, flexible torso and tremendous feminine expressive dancing, Pavlova set a higher aesthetic of beauty in ballet where ballet dancers were able to perform with poise and elegance like a princess. With the recreation of the pointe shoes, there was a demand for brilliant and fancy footwork like jumps, multiple turns and balances and that of ballerinas performing on pointe.

Drug Rehabilitation Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug Rehabilitation Program - Essay Example This work particularly discusses papers about drug rehabilitation programs that governments have initiated so as to curtail crimes including drug addiction. These papers intently look at the benefits of the programs, how they have helped achieved goals of drug use reduction and crime reduction and on the other hand, how the programs have failed to address the problems. The US Department of Justice through the National Institute of Justice has conducted a research to ascertain the effectiveness of different crime prevention programs. Defining crime prevention program as "any practice shown to result in less crime than would occur without the practice", the research divided the effectiveness of the programs into what works, what doesn't work, what's promising and what's unknown (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). This article particularly relates to the endeavor of this paper in providing a valid measure and a legitimate result to the questions of effectiveness of crime prevention. This is done with a special focus on the cure for drug addiction among the juvenile. It basically constitutes a review of the existing crime prevention programs of the government. The evaluation made use of scientific measure to "provide a consistent and reasonably objective way to draw conclusions about cause and effect" (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). The research methodology consisted of three steps: the search for impact evaluation, the use of Maryland Scale of Scientific Methods and deciding what works, what doesn't work, what's promising and what's unknown. The first step was some sort of literature review. It examines the existing reports that evaluate the effectiveness of crime prevention programs. Next, the researchers adapted the Maryland Scale of Scientific Method ranking each study from 1 as the weakest to 5 as the strongest (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). The research design is composed of 5 levels which includes correlation between a crime prevention program and a measure of crime or crime risk factors at a single point in time. To reach the conclusion of effectiveness, a program should at least have a two level 5 studies (Lawrence W. Sherman, 1998). The research showed that "preschool and weekly home visits by teachers, building school capacity to initiate and sustain innovation through the use of school teams or other organizational development strategies, clarifying and communicating norms, training or coaching in thinking skills for high-risk youth, ex-offender job training, extra police patrols in high crime hot spots and rehabilitation programs for adult and juvenile offenders" are among the policies that work. On the other hand, gun buyback program and increased arrest or raids on drug markets are found to be ineffective. To properly label the programs, they used both the secondary analysis and the scientific scale. This is the loophole in the study since there it lacks the quantitative and objective measure is categorizing the program. The only justification provided was the secondary analysis done. The problem however with secondary analysis

Exercise 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exercise 2 - Assignment Example What would be the incremental effect on the companys overall profit of reworking and selling the material rather than selling it as is as scrap? Question 11: A study has been conducted to determine if Product A should be dropped. Sales of the product total $200,000 per year; variable expenses total $140,000 per year. Fixed expenses charged to the product total $90,000 per year. The company estimates that $40,000 of these fixed expenses will continue even if the product is dropped. These data indicate that if Product A is dropped, the companys overall net operating income would: Question 12: The Kelsh Company has two divisions--North and South. The divisions had the above revenues and expenses. Management at Kelsh is pondering the elimination of North Division. If North Division were eliminated, its traceable fixed expenses could be avoided. The total common corporate expenses would be unaffected. Given these data, the elimination of North Division would result in an overall company net operating income of: Question 14: The management of Heider Corporation is considering dropping product J14V. Data from the companys accounting system appears above. In the companys accounting system all fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products. Further investigation has revealed that $211,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $172,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product J14V is discontinued. What would be the effect on the companys overall net operating income if product J14V were dropped? Peluso Company, a manufacturer of snowmobiles, is operating at 70% of plant capacity. Pelusos plant manager is considering making the headlights now being purchased from an outside supplier for $11 each. The Peluso plant has idle equipment that could be used to manufacture the headlights. The design engineer estimates that each headlight requires $4 of direct materials, $3

The philosophy of political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The philosophy of political science - Essay Example Internal sovereignty of state refers to the state’s legal and political supremacy with respect to matters and issues within its nation state territorial borders. For instance, in 1945, many people were tortured and killed in Nuremberg city they were not called criminals they were part of sovereign state. Linked with the concept of sovereignty, is the doctrine of territorial integrity which states that a State has the right to resist any foreign aggression, intervention and invasion within its territorial boundaries. Sovereignty is the main platform for international politics and in basic tenets of the United Nations, which guarantees equality of all States. 3. Describe in detail the different forms of democracy discussed in class and in the text. What criticisms do the opponents of democracy make about this form of government? Democracy is the power for the people by the people. There are two forms of democracy namely; direct and indirect. Direct democracy is a form of democra cy whereby there exists a government of the people for the people. For democracy to develop, it is important to carry out elections to choose a new government. In addition, human rights are not violated by the ruling government. Also, the government has limited lifespan to stay in the office, it has the responsibility to make real choices and decisions and it encourage social welfare to promote productivity. In direct democracy, the citizens participate directly in the political system through voting. Indirect democracy on the other hand is a form of democracy in which the citizens elect or choose a government but following this election have little contribution or no input as to governmental... The essay covers such questions like can the study of politics be correctly called a science? Study of politics since it involves the study of political elements and conducts this study using scientific method. The essay brings up the accuracy of a defenition. The legal definition of the state stipulates that the state is a territorially bound sovereign entity with a government. It is a useful definition because a sovereign state is a state with a prescribed territory on which it practices and exercises internal and external authority. The essay describes in detail the different forms of democracy discussed in class and in the text. What criticisms do the opponents of democracy make about this form of government? Democracy is the power for the people by the people. There are two forms of democracy namely; direct and indirect. The essay also manages to discuss the components of the Functional definition of the state and the concept of state as a nation. State is the only institution i n the world that has sovereignty in that it has the authority or power over many issues. The main role of the leader or the governor in a sovereign state is to keep order by all means either using violence means or force. The essay discusses the characteristics and goals of both totalitarianism and authoritarianism. Why do some believe that these are viable alternatives to democracy? Totalitarianism is a radical form of government whereby there is total control of the people.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Art - Essay Example And the term Impressionism, was in fact, derived from one of his famous paintings in 1872 entitled, Impression, Sunrise (Krauss 87). This particular artwork vividly captured the everyday life scenes and commonplace interactions of humankind against his own world. The sketchy application of colors seemed to dissolve into a misty, hazy atmosphere of a typical sunrise and had extraordinarily represented even the most ordinary errand in our everyday lives. Monet’s penchant for beautiful things – nature, people and landscapes paved way for him to create offbeat and highly-interesting subjects that are influential and dominant in the current time. And as he was getting older, he gained interest in water reflecting light images such as the Water Lilies art piece (1917) and would often paint the same subject on different seasons of the year, applying different sets of color (Krauss 88). Moreover, the world of Impressionism has led to another significant art movement called Abst ract Expressionism. Jackson Pollock was considered as the most celebrated painter of the American abstract expressionism. Many of his works are represented in heavy layers of dark lines and bold colors that evoked figurative shapes, fluidity and movement.

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion Essay

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion - Essay Example Douglass criticized the mishandling and squandering of our forefathers commitment to liberty as generations lavished in the memory of the revolution without bearing the burden of its responsibility. He praises the principles of freedom, liberty, and morality that our nation was built upon. Yet, he uses the opportunity to remind his audience that liberty was a concept that been abandoned by its religious leaders, and for those left in bondage it was not a day to celebrate freedom, but a day to recognize the difficult road that lie ahead of all America. Douglass framed his speech with the understanding that there were two Americas. The two Americas were split by the deep foundation of liberty and the oppressive nature of slavery. Recognizing that the two could not exist as one, Douglass remarks on the division when he talks of, â€Å"†¦a sad sense of the disparity between us. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary!†. Douglass lived in his America, where the Fourth of July was not a day of celebration, but a day to remember and honor those that were left behind in shackles. One of Douglass's main targets in his eloquent speech was religion and its failure to address the slavery issue. Douglass does not argue the merits and evils of slavery, but rather takes the stand that there can be no valid argument for slavery. He logically contends, "There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him". Slavery was a horrifying nightmare and Douglass's description shows it for the injustice it was. He makes no attempt to persuade the audience of its wrongs, but rather uses the opportunity to denounce the American religious community and their religious leaders for their engagement in slavery as well as their neglect of the issue. This was the greatest hypocrisy and the greatest threat to the liberty of all men that Douglass took aim at. His well founded, fiery words chastised religious leaders for wasting the religious freedom the nation had gained by turning their backs on the very tenets that Christianity was built on . The implications of the Compromise of 1850 were fresh on the mind of Douglass as he spoke of the legalized hunting of man that was known as the Fugitive Slave Law. He bemoaned the rewards that judges would reap by the successful consignment and return of fugitive slaves and decried the taking of men away from their wives and families to be ripped away and returned to a life of indentured misery. The Compromise had been a deal with the devil as the North sought to placate Southern discontent by condoning their excesses into the practice of slavery. Douglass drew a picture that portrayed America as the most immoral nation on earth and its abuses in excess of all others in the world. America's flawed reasoning of welcoming fugitives from all around the world and casting great honor on them as courageous men stood in sharp contrast to the treatment of the fugitives from American oppression that were are hunted down like common animals kidnapped, tortured, and murdered. He places the Fugitive Slave Law in its rightful historical perspective as he denounces it as being "In glaring violation of justice [] this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation". Douglass's viewpoint was that never had mankind been so terrible and never had the church been so blinded by sin. Religion's failure to tackle and oppose slavery, and the Fugitive Slave Law, was seen by him to be the greatest blasphemy ever put forth. Douglass pleads with the audience to denounce slavery and rebuke the slave holders,

In-N-Out Burger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In-N-Out Burger - Research Paper Example Over the years, the company has remained in the hands of the Synder family. The main reason behind In-N-Out Burger’s success is that it has a simple menu and maintains a customer-friendly attitude (Funding Universe, n.d.). Simplicity was what Synder had in mind when he opened the first In-N-Out Burger store. As its name suggests, everything about the company is quick and fast. Customers can go through the drive-thru and order via a two-way speaker unit; the menu is very limited; and prices remain competitive (Funding Universe, n.d.). Slow and steady was the philosophy that made this company so great. In recent times, the company has expanded into other states such as Arizona, Utah, and Texas (In-N-Out Burger, 2012). Many experts would say that the company has failed to become a national brand because it limits itself in terms of growth. However, when Harry and his wife founded In-N-Out Burger, their desire was to â€Å"serve customers high-quality, fresh food with efficient, friendly service in a clean and tidy environment† (Funding Universe, n.d.). Synder had no aspirations for turning In-N-Out Burger into a corporate brand; this is why the company has remained family-owned to this very day. Even though Harry Synder has passed away, his legacy lives on through his children and their children. Justification for International Expansion With the struggling economy these days, In-N-Out Burger needs to consider alternatives to the current markets in which it is involved in. There is potential growth in other states around America, but with the economy so fragile, it may not be the best move. In-N-Out Burger should look further afield and try to capture some of the huge global demand for fast food. In many developing countries, people are starting to turn to fast food as their incomes grow. Of course, In-N-Out Burger would have to adopt its strategy that was so successful in California. Prices would have to be lowered so that local consumers could affo rd it. Also, cultural considerations would have to be made so that the In-N-Out Burger brand does not get a bad reputation for offending religious and/or cultural values. In-N-Out Burger has already proven that it can expand to other states within the United States, albeit at a very slow pace. However, so long as In-N-Out Burger could retain control over its foreign operations, then there is no reason to say that the company could not still hold true to its philosophy. The problem is that when most other fast food restaurants expand overseas, they do so through franchising. This would not be suitable for In-N-Out Burger because it goes against the company’s core values. If the company was going to go down the franchise route, then they should make sure that American expats are put in charge because they would understand the company’s organizational values. Country Overview The three proposed countries that In-N-Out Burger should consider expanding to are Canada, France , and Japan. Each of these countries will be evaluated in terms of the fast food industry and In-N-Out Burger’s likelihood of success. Canada In terms of culture and food preferences, Canada is very similar to the United States. This makes Canada an ideal first step towards expanding overseas. As of 2010, the Canadian fast food industry was estimated to be worth C$ 20 billion (Euromonitor International, 2011). This shows that the fast food industry in alive and well in Canada. This probably means that there are limited growth opportunities because the market is already saturated with fast food chains. Tim Horton’s, with a 26 percent market share, and McDonald’s, with a 15 percent market share, are currently the two market leaders in the fast food industry. However, because Canadian consumers already frequent

Module 3 SLP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 SLP - Coursework Example As of December 2012, The Kraft Food owns 34 manufacturing plants in the US and two plants in Canada. The plants are capable of accommodating multiple product lines. They manufacture Cheese products in 12 locations, Beverage products in eight locations, Grocery products in 15 locations, Refrigerated Meals products in nine places. Apart from this they also outsource the production of products, if found advantageous (Kraft Foods Annual Report, 2013). The company garnered net revenues of $18.2 billion while earnings before tax stood at $4.1 billion in 2013. The companys balance sheet as on December 28, 2013 shows assets of $23.1 billion. The companys market capitalization is close to USD 39 billion. The companys operating profit margin is 22.67%. Operating cash flow is $1.8 billion. The companys return on assets is 11% while return on equity is 45.45%. The company stocks are traded on NASDAQ Stock Market (Balance Sheet, 2014). Human resource is considered an important and vital resource at Kraft Foods for companys sustainable development. Based on 2013 data, the company employs 20,400 employees in the US alone and around 2100 people in Canada (Kraft Foods Annual Report, 2013). The company employs rigorous development plans to retain this important resource. The company puts a special emphasis on employee engagement for their overall development and growth. Kraft Foods has mastered the basic science of food processing and the art. They have developed savory flavors, cheese solutions, and enhancers for developing distinct taste of their products. The company has developed cost-reduction technologies for its numerous processes to benefit consumers. The technical resources help them to compete in the market. They are considered a leader in flavor technology and capable of identifying and developing the best solution for their food products. They have pilot plant facilities to developing ingredients for

English Proverbs Essay Example for Free

English Proverbs Essay A Ability can take you to the top, but it takes character to keep you there. Zig Ziglar, in See You at the Top (1975), p. 380 Absence makes the heart grow fonder. From Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly Absence makes the heart grow fonder but makes the mind forget. The acorn (apple) never falls far from the tree. Act today only, tomorrow is too late Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. Actions speak louder than words. (a common English saying) Advice most needed is least heeded. After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. All cats love fish but hate to get their paws wet. All flowers are not in one garden. Clothes make the man. A coin of gold is delighting in a bag of silver coins Cometh the hour, cometh the man. (Some information about the phrase and about its use by a 1940s cricketer) A constant guest is never welcome. A coward dies a thousand times before his death. The valiant never taste of death but once. From William Shakespeares Julius Caesar[1] The cure is worse than the disease. The customer is always right. Cleaning the house when kids are growing, is like shoveling snow when its still snowing. [edit]D Damned if you do, damned if you dont. Lorenzo Dow (d. 1834). [2] Desperate times call for desperate measures. The difference between a man and a cat or a dog is that only a man can write the names of the cat and the dog. Different strokes for different folks. Discretion is the better part of valor. Derived from The better part of valour is discretion, in the which better part I have saved my life. Falstaff in Shakespeares Henry IV, Part 1. Does a one-legged duck swim in circles? alternate saying for Does a bear shit in the woods and a common response to an obvious answer yes to a silly question. Do it today, tomorrow it may be against the law. Dont bark if you cant bite. Dont bite off more than you can chew. Dont bite the hand that feeds you. Dont bring a knife to a gun fight. Dont burn your bridges. Dont burn the candle at both ends. Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched. Dont cross a bridge before you come to it. Dont cry over spilt milk. Dont cut off your nose to spite your face. Dont dig your grave with your own knife and fork. Dont enter your nose in the affairs of others. Dont fall before youre pushed. Dont have too many irons in the fire. Dont judge a book by its cover. Dont judge a man by the size of his hat, but by the angle of his tilt. Dont let procrastination eat your own clock.

Is cloning the way of the future Essay Example for Free

Is cloning the way of the future Essay Dolly was born on 5 July 1996 at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh. She was cloned by scientists replaced the nucleus of the egg cell with the nucleus from the parent cell in Dollys case, an udder cell. Somehow, the egg cell reprogrammed the donated DNA contained within its new nucleus, and Dolly was the result. The different types of cloning: There are many different types of cloning but the two main types are reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is the process of making natural humans being for example, twins as it is done for the purpose of making human beings. Reproductive cloning has a great effect on future cloning as, demonstrates ways of how we can adapt ideas of easier methods of cloning plus it also helps us analyse and research on the key accepts Therapeutic cloning is when; a clone is created for a particular need or purpose. Therapeutic cloning is again a great adaptation create to help future medicine and understanding, helping us to reduce the risk of diseases caused by faulty genes. These two are also examples of natural and unnatural cloning as, reproductive clones produce twins, and therapeutic cloning is when scientist use it for medicine and to improve human living quality. How is cloning used? Cloning has many various uses, as it can benefit us in many ways, with our ever expanding medical. Some examples of the numerous uses are:   Using it to create identical clones, and then obtaining the stems cells and using them to correct faulty genes, with out the fear of the cells being rejected.   Using it for selective breeding- for example plants that produce the nice and juicy strawberries can be cloned to produce more nice and juicy strawberries.   For drug reduction as creating cloned you can get identical cells   Medical research. Reviving the extinct animals- like leopard, which are near extinction   To replace, children that were very much loved but passed away   For twins As these there are many more which enable us to use this creation for many different uses, specified to our needs. Theses are all the ways in which cloning can and may be used in the future. How are clones used today? Clones have now been recognised by the public and has constantly, become the one of the main topics in the news as in ;The Times -Embryo with two mothers created. This is a topic related to that of cloning as in the article; A human embryo with two mothers and a father has been created for the first time by British scientists (Jack Malvern writes). The three- parents embryo, created by a team at Newcastle university, opens up the possibility of the short-circuiting genetic diseases by replacing faulty genes from one mother with healthy ones from another mother. It has been hailed as the first realistic hope of an effective treatment for 50 genetic conditions passed on through mitochondrial DNA-DNA clustered outside the nucleus in a cell. The diseases include forms of the muscular dystrophy, diabetes and epilepsy. Professor Doug Turnbull, who led the team, described the technique as a mitochondria transplant. Couples would use IVF treatment to create a fertilised egg, from which the nucleus would be removed after a few hours and implanted into a donor egg. The parents DNA remains in the nucleus but the DNA outside the nucleus would be from the donor mother. The childs appearance is affected only by nuclear DNA. (this has been taken from The Times feb 5th) This article is an example of cloning used for a particular purpose; it tells us about a mother who replaces most of her faulty genes with healthy ones. This is one example of how cloning has been used recently. Stem Cells: Stem cells have the remarkable potential to change to any cell or organism that is needed, this is because stem cells are unspecialised cells. Stem cells have become important to us, as they are great factors that enable us to improve our health and correct faulty genes, by using them replace some genes, as well as this there are many other important uses in cell based therapies, to repair other damaged cells with in the body, and loads more. Cloning can also be produced for the stem cells with in it allowing us to replaces faulty genes with eases. Is cloning ethnically right? Well as I have mentioned in above pages there are many different view on weather or not cloning is ethnically right, some saying it is good other say its not. There is not a exact answer to weather or not they are ethically right it actually depends upon the persons opinion. Conclusion Overall cloning is a huge leap forward for man kind as it has many benefits that can be acquire by the one process furthering our medical knowledge allowing us to produce more efficient and effective medicines for our patients.I do believe that one day cloning will become the thing of the future our future medicine! Bibliography: Some of the information was takes from:   Newspaper The Times   BBC News   http://stemcells. nih. gov/info/basics/   scientific books (school text books)   Picture   Science museum (website)   Kiran Toor 10S Science coursework Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Variation and Inheritance section.

Stress And Pain In Labour Health And Social Care Essay

Stress And Pain In Labour Health And Social Care Essay Labour is a series of events that takes place in the genital organs in an effort to expel the viable products of conception through the vagina in to outer world. During labour, the women experience some degree of stress, discomfort and severe pain as her system responds to the effects of physical changes that prepare her to give birth. Labour process is a actual phenomenon. During the labour period mother have stress, anxiety, discomfort and severe pain. A scientific definition of pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The investigator had seen several primigravida mothers during first stage of labour with severe pain and discomfort. During the clinical experience. So that minimizing maternal discomfort and severe pain perception poor outcome of labour. And promoting the maternal comfort the nurse can help the mother to get relief from pain and suffering. The nursing management with ambulation has significant effect on improve maternal comfort, outcome of labour and reduce pain perception which helps to promote the comfort of the mother and its use is simple and has an significant therapeutic care. The main study was conducted at Maternal and child healthy GOSHA hospital, vizianagaram district Andhra Pradesh. The 60 primi gravida mothers who fulfilled the inclusive and exclusive criteria were selected for the study, out of which 30 mothers were experimental group and 30 of them control group and sample selected by using simple random sampling method by lottery method. Mother who came under group A lottery will come under the experimental group and mother who came under group B lottery will come under control group. After assessing the pre test level of maternal comfort, pain perception the investigator provided ambulation technique for experimental group. Ambulation is a slow walking for 15mts with the interval of 15mts assessment of each primi gravida mothers in experimental group. Routine hospital intervention for control group. After the third application the post test level of maternal comfort, pain perception and out come of labour was assessed by using maternal comfort as sessment tool and graphic rating scale and scored. The findings of the study revealed that the calculated t value was The t value of the level of maternal comfort between experimental and control group is8.13.The t value of the level of pain perception between experimental and control group is15.1. Thet value of the outcome of labour between experimental and control group is 8.63 which showed low statistical significant at (p

comparitive book review :: essays research papers

Comparative Book Review Rediscovering church – Lynne and Bill Hybels This book was written the founder and senior pastor of Willow Creek Community Church and his wife. Willow Creek is located in suburban Chicago. It has a weekly attendance approaching 20000. In this book the Hybels share part of their story in pasturing Willow Creek and a little bit of their philosophy of ministry. The underlying theology assumed by the author is that the church has the power to change the world. His theology seems to be more church-centric rather then Christocentric. I would not call Hybels a theologian. He presents very basic evangelical theology. This is in sharp contrast to Guder’s book, which has very sophisticated theologically developed views on the nature of the church. There is no discussion of God’s relationship to his creation or the kingdom. Actually there is very little kingdom talk. The emphasis seems to be that the local church is very important. But there is no connection to the global catholic (universal) church. This again contrasts Guder’s global outlook. Guder does not discount the importance of the local church, but wisely sets it within the context of the global communion. The local church is primarily seen as a vehicle of evangelism and fellowship. I was surprised that Hybels says nothing about the importance of worship. I have come to the conviction that churches should be primarily worshipping community. All other activities (evangelism, teaching, discipleship, social care etc.) flow from this primary calling of worshipping the triune God. But Guder also does not address the issue of worship. Rather he is setting out a â€Å"map† for our missional witness in the world. The philosophy of ministry is outlined by Hybels most clearly in ten and twelve. In chapter ten he basically presents a message given by Dr. Gilbert Bilezikian at a church leadership conference at Willow Creek. The four key elements of a healthy church are: teaching, fellowship, evangelism and helping those in need. Preaching is seen as something that should be done only by those who are gifted, spiritually disciplined and anointed by the Spirit. Hybels fails here to clearly spell out what biblical preaching is. He does not identify exegetical, expositional, narrative or topical as being the preferred method. Fellowship is seen as the opportunity to share deep needs in the context of small groups. There is nothing really groundbreaking here. The usual critique of superficiality in churches is given.

Down Syndrome Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Down syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic disorder that affects 350,000 people in the United States. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children. Genetics is the study of heredity or how certain traits are passed from parents to their children. Genes are the basic unit of heredity. Cells are the building blocks of your body and each one of us has more than 100 trillion cells. Our genes are located in chromosomes. Each cell in your body contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. In a person with Down syndrome, there are 47 chromosomes. In 1956, a French researcher named Jerome Lejeune used a new powerful microscope to view human strands of DNA. DNA is what holds an individual person’s genes. He studied these DNA strands and determined that there is an extra strand in chromosome 21, which is now called â€Å"Trisomy 21† tri meaning three and somy for the word chromosome – meaning th ree chromosomes. No one knows exactly what causes Down syndrome aside from it being genetic. Many years ago, this condition was known as â€Å"mongolism† or people that had it were called â€Å"mongolian idiots†. But in later years, Asian people as well as parents of these children protested these terms and in the 1960’s the condition became known as Down syndrome in honor of the English doctor John Langdon Down. Who, in 1866, studied people with mental retardation and noted distinct physical features in them. Some of the physical features associated with Down syndrome are low muscle tone, many newborns appear as floppy and not toned, they have flat facial features especially a small nose with a flattened nasal bridge. Their eyes are slightly slanted with small skin folds at the inner corner. The have a short neck, small abnormal shaped ears, and an enlarged tongue that often tends to protrude making speech difficult to understand. Many people with Down syndrome suffer from a variety of health problems. The most common and significant symptom is mental retardation, which ranges from mild to moderate. People with Down syndrome suffer from congenital heart defects, which affect approximately 40-50% of these people. Their poor muscle tone makes much physical activity difficult. There are many hormonal problems, mainly thyroid disease. People with Down syndrome suffer from circulatory problems, respiratory ailments, ... ...the placenta is removed and the cells are tested under a microscope for chromosomal abnormalities. The last test is Amniocentesis, which is where a sample of the amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the womb. This procedure is done during the 14th to 18th week of pregnancy. This is the most reliable and accurate test. It is 99.8% reliable in testing for Down syndrome. There is another blood test available called Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS). The fact of the matter is no matter how different or unusual these people appear, people afflicted with Down syndrome should be treated with respect and dignity just like you and me. These people are productive individuals and have many things to offer. Just because they are different doesn’t mean they aren’t valuable to us. We can learn patience and acceptance from them and until there is a cure, our acceptance and a positive attitude will help us all to move forward. Works Cited Diseases and Disorders - Down Syndrome, Christina M. Girod, San Diego, CA, 2001 Down Syndrome, Salvatore Tocci, Grolier Publishing Company, Inc., 2000 www.aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/content/article/1680.54172 www.my.webmd.com Down Syndrome Essay examples -- essays research papers fc Down syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic disorder that affects 350,000 people in the United States. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children. Genetics is the study of heredity or how certain traits are passed from parents to their children. Genes are the basic unit of heredity. Cells are the building blocks of your body and each one of us has more than 100 trillion cells. Our genes are located in chromosomes. Each cell in your body contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. In a person with Down syndrome, there are 47 chromosomes. In 1956, a French researcher named Jerome Lejeune used a new powerful microscope to view human strands of DNA. DNA is what holds an individual person’s genes. He studied these DNA strands and determined that there is an extra strand in chromosome 21, which is now called â€Å"Trisomy 21† tri meaning three and somy for the word chromosome – meaning th ree chromosomes. No one knows exactly what causes Down syndrome aside from it being genetic. Many years ago, this condition was known as â€Å"mongolism† or people that had it were called â€Å"mongolian idiots†. But in later years, Asian people as well as parents of these children protested these terms and in the 1960’s the condition became known as Down syndrome in honor of the English doctor John Langdon Down. Who, in 1866, studied people with mental retardation and noted distinct physical features in them. Some of the physical features associated with Down syndrome are low muscle tone, many newborns appear as floppy and not toned, they have flat facial features especially a small nose with a flattened nasal bridge. Their eyes are slightly slanted with small skin folds at the inner corner. The have a short neck, small abnormal shaped ears, and an enlarged tongue that often tends to protrude making speech difficult to understand. Many people with Down syndrome suffer from a variety of health problems. The most common and significant symptom is mental retardation, which ranges from mild to moderate. People with Down syndrome suffer from congenital heart defects, which affect approximately 40-50% of these people. Their poor muscle tone makes much physical activity difficult. There are many hormonal problems, mainly thyroid disease. People with Down syndrome suffer from circulatory problems, respiratory ailments, ... ...the placenta is removed and the cells are tested under a microscope for chromosomal abnormalities. The last test is Amniocentesis, which is where a sample of the amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the womb. This procedure is done during the 14th to 18th week of pregnancy. This is the most reliable and accurate test. It is 99.8% reliable in testing for Down syndrome. There is another blood test available called Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS). The fact of the matter is no matter how different or unusual these people appear, people afflicted with Down syndrome should be treated with respect and dignity just like you and me. These people are productive individuals and have many things to offer. Just because they are different doesn’t mean they aren’t valuable to us. We can learn patience and acceptance from them and until there is a cure, our acceptance and a positive attitude will help us all to move forward. Works Cited Diseases and Disorders - Down Syndrome, Christina M. Girod, San Diego, CA, 2001 Down Syndrome, Salvatore Tocci, Grolier Publishing Company, Inc., 2000 www.aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/content/article/1680.54172 www.my.webmd.com

Dante’s Inferno - The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim a

Dante’s Inferno -   The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide       In Dante’s Inferno, the relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide is an ever-evolving one. By analyzing the transformation of this relationship as the two sojourn through the circles of hell, one is able to learn more about the mindset of Dante the Poet.   At the outset, Dante is clearly subservient to Virgil, whom he holds in high esteem for his literary genius. However, as the work progresses, Virgil facilitates Dante’s spiritual enlightenment, so that by the end, Dante has ascended to Virgil’s spiritual level and has in many respects surpassed him. In Dante’s journey with respect to Virgil, one can see man’s spiritual journey towards understanding God. While God loves man regardless of his faults, His greatest desire is to see man attain greater spirituality, in that man, already created in God’s image, may truly become divine, and in doing so, attain eternality. When we are first introduced to Dante the Pilgrim, we perceive in him a Renaissance intellectual, who despite his intelligence and religiosity has lost the â€Å"path that does not stray† (I.3). Having thus lost touch with the tenets of orthodox Catholicism, a higher power has chosen for him to undertake an epic journey. (The devout are able to identify this power with the one Judeo-Christian God, while pagans and sinners often attribute the impetus behind the Pilgrim’s voyage to fate.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dante’s initial reaction to meeting Virgil reveals his penchant for the worldly as opposed to the divine. He addresses Virgil humbly, his words dripping with praise. â€Å"Are you then that Virgil, you the fountain/ that freely... ...an-Islamic notion of the heavenly father and his love for mankind are striking. God loves us and wants nothing more than that we be saved from Hell. However, when man transgresses, God has no choice but to punish him accordingly; while it pains Him to do so, He must as this is a component of His divine love. Works Cited Dante Alighieri, Inferno (trans.   Allen Mandelbaum), In The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. (New York: W.W. Norton, 1999) Works Consulted Bergin, Thomas Goddard. Dante. New York: Orion P, 1965. Niven, Larry and Pournelle, Jerry. Inferno. New York: Pocket Books,1976. MacAllister, Archibald T. Introduction. Inferno. By Dante. New York: Mentor, 1954. Pinsky, Robert. The Inferno of Dante. New York: Harper Collins, 1994. Spinrad, Norman. Introduction to Inferno, by Niven and Pournelle. Boston: Gregg Press, 1979.

Zulu Traditional Dance

Zulu means the people of heaven, which is a friendly and hospitable culture. They have an expressive language punctuated with distinctive click sounds. The Zulu people are proud of their nation and treasure their heritage. During the 16th and 17th centuries, they had a powerful king named Shaka Zulu. He helped expand the Zulu tribe territory and claimed that he was king of all Africa. Many cultures in Africa today still have traditions that were influenced by the Zulu people even after their downfall. One of the most noticeable rituals that most cultures in eastern and southern Africa have in common is the Zulu dance. Dancing and singing is a big part of the Zulu people lifestyle, â€Å"Each dance or movement symbolizes an event that is happening within a clan†. Dancing is one of the most important types of community rituals and it is included in most Zulu ceremonies. The Zulu dance is a sign of happiness, and it occurs at significant events like childbirth, weddings and war victories. As in most cultures, â€Å"dances serve the purposes of rite of passage or bonding, or matchmaking in a supervised environment†. Their traditional dances celebrate important community events. The dances are taught to young boys and girls at an early age. Through dance, the Zulu people tell the â€Å"journey of their clan bridging generational gaps to a unique form of story telling†. Zulu dance involves high stepping and stomping the ground in rhythm. Dancers hold weapons and shields with their hands often raised high. Some times the dancers kick over their head and fall to the ground in a â€Å"crouch† position. In Zulu dances, ankle rattles, shields, headdresses and belts are used as props and to â€Å"differentiate social class and societal roles. Traditional Zulu dance dress code is animal skin for men and skirts decorated with hardwood beads for women. The children don’t cover their thighs but adults are expected to. Both male and females â€Å"wear limited clothing which consists predominately of cowhide and bare chest, adorned with garlands of beads†. Unmarried women dance bare- breasted and don’t have red beads in their skirts because that color is reserved for married women. Everything worn in the Zulu traditional dance has a symbolic meaning; the colors of the beads and their arrangement dictate the language of the dance. Different types of beads are worn to send a message to the opposite sex during the courtship dance. There are five main dance types that most cultures in Africa perform. The welcome dance is to show the guests how talented the villagers are, and to show the visitors that they are happy to receive them. Celebration or love dance is performed certain festivals like weddings and anniversaries. The coming of age dance is to celebrate the coming of age of young men and women, many tribes follow and celebrate this festival. The dancers perform in front of tribal members which gives them immense pride and confidence. Last but not least are the warrior dances, the warrior dance â€Å"movements are fusions of warfare movements such as stabbing with the artistic movement of the body according to the drum beat. Summoning and possession dances are the most common folk dances in Africa because they are very important in many religions. This dance is performed in almost all tribes for calling a spirit. The Zulu culture practices these different dance styles even though it has different names fo r them. When Shaka Zulu was king, he began the reed dance as a symbol of unity with his people. During September, Zulu girls congregate at the royal palace before the king for the traditional reed dance to celebrate virginal purity. In order for a girl to part in this dance, they have to be virgins between the ages of 16 to 20. It is called the reed dance because the girls pick reeds from the river and bring them to the palace for the king. During this dance most kings chose their wives. The purpose of the reed dance is to â€Å"allow Zulu maidens to meet their king and mingle with princesses while delivering reed sticks†. The reed dance is said to promote marriage, loyalty and chastity. Today it is still practiced in effort to stop the spread of Aids. Ingoma is another type of dance of the Zulu tribe. It is performed by boys and girls accompanied with people chanting without drums in the background. The girls are bare-chested and wear woollen skirts; they also wear seed pod rattles around their ankles to allow their high kicks. In the Ingoma dance, the boys and girls dance separately are helped by another group that claps for rhythm. This dance is performed for ceremonies such as coming of age, weddings and before going hunting. Indlamu dance is â€Å"derived from the war dances of the warriors†. It is danced before battle and after winning a war. It is performed by men of all ages wearing full traditional attire like head-rings, ceremonial belts, ankle rattles, shields and spears. Drums and people whistling accompany the dancers when performing the Indlamu. Dancers form a â€Å"mock combat, showing off their strength and mastery of weapons†. One of the movements done in the Indlamu dance is fighting imaginary enemies with spears and swords, their facial expressions make the dance feel real. The dancers lift one leg in the air, bringing it down and switching it with the other one, after a certain amount of leg lifts the dancers purposely fall to the ground on their back. Dancers are more likely to make eye contact with the audience during the Indlamu dance. Imvunulo is a parade to show off the traditional attire of Zulu men and women. It is danced by one participant at a time indicating ones role in the society. The dress code is determined by age and gender; young girls don’t cover their thighs while adults do. Men wear cotton shorts called the â€Å"amabeshu† while women wear leather skirts and beaded aprons. A leather skirt worn by woman sends a message to the opposite sex that she desires to become pregnant. Colors in the beaded aprons also help indicate where the dancer comes from. This dance would fall in the welcome dance category under the African dance types. Last is the Isicathamiya dance, â€Å"it is danced by men and boys in a line or an arc†. This dance is accompanied with a lead singer that sings about modern issues but â€Å"uses ancient melodies†. The lead singer provides rhythm for the dancers. This dance is also danced at weddings, and it is internationally known. Families of the bride and groom take turns to â€Å"out do each other in the beautiful dancing and songs†. Dancing is very important in the Zulu clan because â€Å"Zulu history survives through dance in similar fashion as cultures built on oral tradition†. Dance ceremonies bring the community together as everybody takes responsibility to for training others especially the young ones. Many Zulu dances today deal with social issues like Aids, crime and migrant labour work. This helps to â€Å"promote global sensitivity and social awareness† in South Africa. In Zulu land, the dances are usually performed by males and involve a high level of athletism. Zulu dances help the people to praise, criticize and even work with each other.

Fiscal Policy Essay

The United States impacts various policies not only at home but abroad. It has been a powerhouse for many years, and its strengths and weaknesses impact other countries. The deficit, surplus, and debt are three major areas influencing these policies. These three factors have a huge impact on many areas we will discuss. These include taxpayers, the future of Social Security and Medicare users, the unemployed, a University of Phoenix student, the United States’ financial reputation on an international level, a domestic automotive manufacturing, or exporter, Italian clothing company, or importer and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Italian Clothing Company The United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt play a factor a role in the conduct of business with any Italian clothing company. Italy relies on its manufacturing exports to provide for its economy, and the United States ranks as one of one of its prolific export partners. According to Economy Watch Content (2010), Italy’s famous brands such as Armani, Valentino, Versace, and Prada have created a niche in the global marketplace where there is a huge demand for high quality and superior goods. According to Colander (2010), the United States has run a trade deficit in the last 40 years. If the U.S. is unable to purchase from Italy, this affects the Italian economy. Financial Reputation of the United States on an International Level The U.S.’s deficit, surplus and debt impact the financial reputation of the United States on an international level because these are factors that promote or slow economic growth, future prosperity and foreign policy. The United States’ debt is the largest in the world for a single country, which has caused the financial reputation and creditworthiness of the United States to suffer (Amadeo, 2013). The dollar is considered to be a global currency and the one primarily used in international transactions and trade. When foreign investors lose confidence in the U. S. Government’s ability to manage the budget and pay off their debt, they raise interest rates on loans for the added risk. Government is  no longer able to borrow at affordable rates. Demand for investing in U.S. treasuries diminishes, lowering bond ratings and the value of the dollar. When the value of the dollar decreases, the dollar becomes less desirable, and foreign investors get paid back in currency that is worth less, which damages the special role of the dollar and the financial reputation of the United States (Boccia, 2013). Tax Payers To repay the nation’s debt budget makers frequently visit the option of higher taxation of the wealthy and businesses. Individuals and Corporations fear this option because staffing and insuring becomes more costly hurting the bottom line. A contributing factor to the current state of the U.S. economy is the gradual decline in taxes that the wealthy must pay. The U.S. must reduce the deficit or the debt will grow, and could become very costly to taxpayers possibly having to reach in their own pockets to pay off the debt. When the economy is doing well and the unemployment rates are low, the economy should be in decent standing due to the fact that the newly employed taxpayers have once again began paying into the taxes, but they also are stimulating the economy by spending their money and paying sales taxes. Future Social Security & Medicare Users According to the 2010 Trustees Report â€Å"the programs face massive permanent annual deficits starting in just five years. Coupled with a Congressional Budget Office report predicting Social Security and Medicare expenditures to increase around 75% by the year 2030, economists seem to have no certain answers now (John, 2010).† Social Security and Medicare benefits have their own funds so they do not affect one another nor does any other debt affect them. Social funds such as these have their own funding scheme that’s not tied to other federal bodies or accounts (Mankiw, 2011). A domestic automotive manufacturing (exporter) The effect that the U.S.’s deficit, surplus and debt have on a domestic automotive manufacturing exporter starts with the decline in auto sales. The deficit in the economy is followed by a decline in spending and lowered auto sales. A decline in auto sales reduces employment due to lower demand and adds to trade deficits. When the U.S. is unable to sell to other countries  we are forced into a surplus. Businesses fail leading to government bailouts. The government spends money going into debt to save these companies. Unemployed Individuals The deficit affects unemployed individuals because the people who need help, cannot get it, or cannot get enough to help supplementing their income until they find employment. A surplus provides help with unemployment benefits; WIC and other programs. Debt leads to higher taxes, making sustainability difficult for themselves and their families. University of Phoenix Student The deficit affects a University of Phoenix student because funding for financial aid could be compromised leading to more private loans. Loans become expensive, costing the student more. The surplus affects a University of Phoenix student by providing additional resources for school funding and programs. Debt means not having enough money to fund schooling leading to higher personal debt. GDP GDP is affected by deficits, levels of debt and budget surpluses. When the U.S. runs a high deficit, debt levels increase putting pressure on economic growth. The Reinhart/Rogoff research concluded that when a country’s gross debt exceeds 90% of GDP, â€Å"median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more† (Sahadi, 2013). Budget surpluses impact GDP growth positively by providing additional resources for the government to invest in the country’s economy. Conclusion The U.S. government’s handling of federal budgets affects individuals and businesses alike worldwide from students to major corporations. Deficits lead to debt burdening the economy, negatively impacting nearly every aspect of the financial world. A surplus shows financial responsibility positively affecting the economy and creating prosperity. References Amadeo, Kimberly (Feb. 2013). What the U.S. Debt Is. Retrieved from http://useconomy.about.com/od/fiscalpolicy/p/US_Debt.htm Boccia, Romina (Feb.2013). How the United States’ High Debt Will Weaken The Economy And Hurt Americans. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/02/how-the-united-states-high-debt-will-weaken-the-economy-and-hurt-americans Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Italy Trade, Exports and Imports. (2010, March 27). Retrieved from http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/italy/export-import.html John, D. C. (2010). 2010 Social Security Trustees Report Continues to Show the Urgency of Reform. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/08/2010-social-security-trustees-report-continues-to-show-the-urgency-of-reform Mankiw, G. (2011). Principles of Microeconomics (6th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning Sahadi, J. (2013, April 17). Debt’s impact on growth: Latest study doesn’t settle debate. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/17/news/economy/debt-deficits/index.html

Marketing Project (Jeans) Essay

Born and raised in Los Angeles, Paige Premium Denim is one of the world’s leading denim brands with its signature â€Å"perfect fit† and unmatched variety of styles that flatter the body. Paige Premium Denim was founded in 2004 by fit model Paige Adams-Geller on the principle that you don’t have to be a size zero to look great and feel great in a pair of designer jeans. Committed to using the highest quality materials, the denim line infuses considered, unexpected details into each and every design, combines Southern California casual with pure sophistication. Since the fit model known for having â€Å"the best butt in the business†, soon became known as the designer who makes â€Å"the best butt jeans† in the business. She used her expertise and unique values to create the â€Å"perfect fitting jean.†1 Promising its clientele style they can make all their own, the brand has become a favorite among fashion influencers due to its impeccable styling, exceptional fit and fabric innovation. In constant development, Paige Denim has successfully created an inclusive, complete, and quality label; Paige products are sold in select, high-end retailers and specialty boutiques throughout the world.2 This report will analyze how Paige Premium Denim uses the 4 P’s of product, price, place, and promotion to deliver a quality product to its target market. Target Market The target market can be classified as simply as celebrity style. Geographic Segmentation: Paige Premium Denim brand of jeans was created in the US and is focused around women who are located in California and surrounding area, and where jean trends are highly changing. The market numbers for this area are quite high as the climate doesn’t change with the seasons. With innovated technology and the ability to ship products worldwide, Paige Premium Denim is sold in 80 countries where jeans trends are highly sought after, such as London, England, and Pairs, France. Demographic Segmentation: Paige Premium Denim targets women between the ages of 18-50 with a healthy lifestyle and an above average income. Generally these women have purchasing power with dominate careers and driven oriented in the fashion industry. Women who are still highly involved in family values are a prime target for this brand of jeans, especially North American women who value their health, career and family. Psychographic Segmentation: Paige Premium Denim is an advocate of healthy and positive self-image. It focuses on a status that allows women to feel like a celebrity. Trend setting actresses such as: Blake Lively, Katie Holmes, and Sarah Jessica Parker wear Paige jeans and allows for them to set trends to their followers.3 This product gives women the opportunity to wear celebrity clothing and in turn have a sense of status. Benefit Segmentation: The idea of making such a high quality product for women gives them the sense of purpose; and that by purchasing Paige jeans the benefit they will receive is a sense of being a part of a celebrity trend setting genre. It gives a sense a power and confidence that each pair of jeans is designed with the customer in mind and fulfills that sense of purpose by feeling great once wearing them.4 Usage-Rate Segmentation: Jeans are a top article of clothing found in any person’s wardrobe not just women; however when it comes to clothing the market adapts to women’s needs in terms of usage and purchasing power. Once a new product is developed by Paige Premium Denim; loyal brand followers tend to purchase the product as soon as it comes available.† It is delivered as a ‘must have’ new item† says Marc, the owner of â€Å"The Art of Denim† clothing store in downtown Guelph, Ontario. Product Strategy As the first woman to break into the male-dominated denim world, the â€Å"jeanius† of fit-model-turned-designer; the brand founder, Paige Adams-Geller, designs Paige Denim with her uniquely feminine perspective and fifteen years of â€Å"behind the seams† experience to create a denim brand that is designed by a woman that focused specifically on the desires of a woman. The product promises that every style delivers a drop dead fit and each style is designed with the customer in mind. Fabrics used include: denim/ twill, fencel/ knit, corduroy, and coated leather.5 Paige uses only the finest fabrics and materials while each design is infused with thought and considered elements of women’s bodies. Styles include: ultra-skinny fit, skinny, straight leg, cropped, boot cut, flare, wide leg, curvy, petite, extra-long, and maternity fits. Paige jean’s goal is for women to have a tighter thigh area to create the look of a lifted backside, and while it is effective; it isn’t always the most comfortable. Paige Denim is committed to using the highest quality materials and infusing, unexpected details into each and every design. For example, in the skinny leg style the back right pocket has a tiny pocket sewn into it that a credit card or ID card fits perfectly into. This allows women who are tend not to carry hand bags the opportunity to have a pair of jeans that will fit their needs. Colour is never just navy blue for Paige denim. It is, however; washed in dark, medium, and light denim, as well as non-traditional colours for denim such as red. Paige is from Alaska, and during her time when she visits, that when her inspiration takes place.6 The culture brings in different colours to experiment with as well as texture and materials. Size range from 23 to 34 waistband size or some labels can be read as, XS (extra small), S (small), M (medium), and L (large). Paige jeans do come in a more extended range of sizes, such as its maternity fits with elastic waistbands. The length of each pair is also important; they range from 30 to 34 in length or from petite to tall. 7 Labelling is another important aspect for Paige jeans as they have re-launched its design to fit the growth of the company, as shown in Figure 1. Labelling is the one element of those changes. Here is the labels and tags in comparison to the original ones. Old Paige Tag New Paige Tag

World History Homework

Muslim rule affected Indian government and society when Sultans Introduced this rule and many Turks, Persians and Arabs migrated to India to serve as officials or soldiers. Trade between Indian and Muslim lands Increased. During the Mongol raids of the sass's, many scholars and adventurers fled from Baghdad to India, bringing Persian and Greek learning.The newcomers helped create a brilliant civilization at Delhi, where Persian art and architecture flourished. 3. The founders of the Delhi sultanate were able to conquer northern India because the Sultans no longer controlled a large empire and northern India fragmented Into rival Hindu and Muslim states. During violent onslaughts, many Hindus were killed and the two groups clashed and did not get along at all. . Relations of Hindus and Muslims grew to better terms over time. Eventually, the Delhi sultans grew more tolerant of their Hindu subjects, and Hinduism was accepted as a monotheistic religion. Hindus were allowed to practice t heir religion as long as they paid a poll tax. Some Hindu even converted to Islam.Schism, a religion which blended both Hindu and Muslim belief came Into form. 5. The rejection of toleration of Hindu beliefs will probably bring more struggle and battles between the Hindu and Muslim. The Hindus and Muslims are back to being enemies and both empires will probably be effected poorly and will have an economic decline. World History 10-4 Homework By manservant 2. Muslim rule affected Indian government and society when Sultans introduced this soldiers.

Journal Topic 2-A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Topic 2-A - Essay Example This means that they easily change their cultural beliefs to match that of the majority. Racial or ethnic heritages are socially constructed and lead people of the same heritage to acting and undertaking activities in a certain way, or having a common way of life. National ethnic or racial identity of people of color is more likely to change than that of the white people. Though ethnic of racial identities are socially constructed, they are more flexible for the people of color than they are for the white. People of color make up the minority ethnic groups in America and therefore for them to attain the American nationality, they usually need to make changes to the group’s specific way of living and beliefs. They also need to adopt the whites’ ways and be assimilated to the white culture (Benshoff and Sean 60). They therefore adopt the white culture therefore losing their ethnic identities though the physical characteristics remain. The physical identities include the skin color and others like

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cause and effect - Essay Example Racial separatism can be seen on campus-black theme dorms, black student unions, black yearbooks etc. The dorms for the white people will be arranged separately and the white students were allowed to form separate unions for their activities because of the racial discrimination policies adopted by the authorities. Most of the members of the authorities are actually against such discriminations. But only a minority still insists separate activities for the black students. Liberal attitude is more prominent in America at present which has been reflected in the recently concluded president elections. Black students have always the lowest Grade Point Average (GPA) as per the norms formulated by most of the university authorities. But the authorities will never take any conscious actions to increase the GPA of the black students. They feel that, it is not necessary to raise the grades of the black as that will be harmful to the interests of the white. Black students were always blamed for whatever the unhappy incidents happening in the American universities. It is difficult for a black student to prove his innocence in front of the authorities if the person on the other side happens to be a white. The efforts for finding out solutions for the current discrimination in American universities should start from the grass root level. The authorities should never allow any discrimination in their campus as far as racial differences are concerned. The blacks and the whites should be encouraged to mingle freely in the campus and all the campus activities must be conducted with the equal participation of both black and whites. The behaviours of the authorities should never inject a false feeling of â€Å"being privileged† in the minds of the white. The campus violation of the rules by both the black and white must be treated and punished equally. The below

Media Law Matrix Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Law Matrix - Assignment Example New technologies push the boundaries of ethical discussions on ownership of creative work First Amendment The media’s right to free expression is protected, with the amendment prohibiting the enactment of laws that abridge or curtail press freedom and free speech What are the bounds of press freedom? Can private individuals slighted wrongly by the press and by individuals seek redress under the law? This relates to libel as a legal recourse. Prior restraint prohibition An extension of the First Amendment, prohibiting government from prohibiting speech prior to the utterance of the speech. The effect is the broadening of the power of mass media, and the press in particular Ethical issues are again tied to limits of free speech as they pertain to the rights of private individuals Abridgements to First Amendment Rights Non-interference of government on free speech rights is not absolute, but may be justified by public safety considerations. The effect on media is the setting of b ounds on free expression, in cases where the public safety or the national safety are compromised There is the ethical issue of where the bounds of government power and the public and media lie. There is a tug of war in legal discourse/precedents relating to this Libel law The freedom of the press is not absolute, but is predicated on such freedom not trampling the rights of others. This is a curtailment and a bound on press freedom, because those slighted by media has recourse to libel law Libel law interpretations in courts determine the bounds of press freedom and free speech. Ethical issues are tied to making sure that judgments are just and fair to media and to private individuals Table inputs source: Vivian, 2011, pp. 424-445 B. Two Issues A. Local Media Issue The issue at hand in an article discussing the extension of the treatment of media organizations to private individuals posting online, in blogs and in social media, and the standards that ought to govern both forms of m edia, the traditional and the emergent, when it comes to considering the evidence and the arguments relating to possible defamation and libel charges. The issue at hand is tied to the emergence of social media and blogs in particular, and how those emergent media forms have empowered ordinary individuals to speak freely and to publish their thoughts with the same reach and power, and print permanence, as the newspapers and related media forms of old. There are established precedents for governing free speech issues for traditional media, but the precedent for emergent media is not always well laid out. On the other hand, recent court decisions seem to apply a different set of standards for blog-published and social media-published content on the one hand and traditional media on the other. The legal implications of the double standard are evident in the way there seems to be an unequal application of First Amendment rights as they apply to ordinary people in social media and to medi a practitioners, creating potential future problems in the interpretation of First Amendment and related laws. The ethical implications are profound, because the double standard may mean that the rights of private individuals, for instance, against defamation may be compromised by such unequal treatment of bloggers and ordinary social media users on the one hand a

Postcolonial Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Postcolonial Literature - Essay Example /inferior postcolonial literature dominates most literary study and it is clear that the establishment of Afrocentric criteria poses an important challenge to the traditional patterns. Not all of the hierarchies are so clearly drawn, nor are they so firmly entrenched as one might believe. Postcolonial critics such as Said, Loomba, Bhabha and Fanon address and describe the principal features of postcolonialisms intellectual inheritance. Edward Said Orientalism (1991) unveils an uneasy relationship with Marxism, a specifically poststructuralist and anti-humanist understanding of two opposite worlds: Western and colonial ones. In his works, Said states that while all texts are worldly, great texts reflect the greatest pressures and preoccupations of the postcolonial world. In contrast to Said, Fanon depicts resistance and anti-colonial ideas typical for the society of this period of time. In his works, Fanon pays a special attention to French colonialism and collective violence. Fanon claims that the most important thing for citizens is total liberation and freedom, liberal ideas and self-understanding. He writes: â€Å"Colonialism wants everything to come from it. But the dominant psychological feature of the colonized is to withdraw before any invitation of the conqu erors† (Fanon 63). In contrast to said, Fanon pays a special attention to grievances and problems of black population, slave and master relationships. B. Achebe Things Fall Apart focuses on the debilitating consequences of colonialism in the traditional African society with the sacrosanct male protagonists at the center of that society. Since the womans voice is, as it were, muted and the mans accented, many a feminist reader, nettled by such gross marginalization of the female gender, has relent- lessly flayed Achebes masculinist bigotry. Indeed, things fall apart because women have not been recognized as a potential dynamic force. Achebe makes no bones about delineating a woman as a slave rather than

Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Answers - Essay Example way of learning people from different perspectives; thus, it could also be used in nursing perspectives as they get to know more about their patients. According to the grounded theory, ethnographic enquiry is fit to the reality. It involves every day activities which are geared towards positively influencing human life. In making this a strong point, the theory is gathered from wide and diverse area of data. The nursing profession experiences a large inflow of patients, which can be used as a data source (Polit 21). Secondly, the theory has relevance, especially to human life. It is relevant because it helps in finding out core problems and how they can be solved. If the problems are not uncovered, then it will not be easy to find an amicable solution. Lastly, the theories under study have been known to work. Studying these theories has developed various ways of solving situations surrounding human life. In phenomenological view, the inquiry is based on reality in human aspects. The data is collected from real people for study in the stated areas. Similarly, the events and objects of study are fully understood by these

Economics case assignment module 01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics case assignment module 01 - Essay Example In the contrary, trifling manufactures which provides small amount of needs of a small number of people also employ small number of workmen. Division of labour is much observed since all of them are working in one workhouse. To take an example, B dressmaking that was operated by Mr. Joe employed 3 dressmakers. His business location was in the heart of a small town. Long before, his 3 dressmakers were used to finish a maximum of 5 or a minimum of 3 dresses a day. However, there produce was insufficient enough, so he came up to the idea of dividing the whole work into branches instead of hiring additional dressmakers. His dressmakers were task to do a particular part of the dress instead of sewing it alone. The work was divided to around 6 so each of the workers was assigned to do 2. The first one shaped and cut the cloth; the second one made the collar, the third sewed the sleeve and so on until all the parts were sewed together and the dress was made. After couple of weeks, the diffe rence was quiet obvious, from the minimum of 9 dresses to around 30 dresses daily. And the work showed much excellent! Hence the division of labour increases the productivity of the workmen because employing a simpler and particular task enhances their skill. Repeating one or two tasks is not as difficult as doing the whole work. Perhaps, a particular dressmaker who was used to sew dresses may not feel difficulty in doing his job but became lazy in using different machines in completing a dress. The several stages undergone may become complicated for him; he may put less concentration on them; whereas, if he only focused shaping and cutting the cloth, its repetitions would result to a greater part of his dexterity. Secondly, Smith’s idea about invisible hand is linked to his concept of self-interest. Every individual struggles to get what he wants. He works hard to fulfill his dreams.

UK Company Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

UK Company Law Assignment - Essay Example Such authority is what is perceived by third parties to have been vested in an agent by the principal. The existence of such authority requires a representation to have been made to the third party. Such representation should originate from the principal or some entity having accrual authority3. In Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd, the company was held to be liable, because the managing director had the authority to enter that particular type of contract on behalf of the company4. Angelina had been representing Brad, in his business, for many years. She used to help Brad in running his business, as she was well versed with makeup articles. As such, she had been acting as a representative of Brad, while conducting business with third parties. According to the ruling in the Freemans case, Angelina had acted as an agent of Brad, while entering into a contract with Aniston Ltd. This contract with Aniston Ltd is valid, in accordance with the principle of ostensible authority, which permits an agent to form a valid contract on behalf of her principal. Consequently, Brad is responsible for the acts of Angelina, while doing the business, including the contract with Aniston Ltd. Instances where a company's director will be held liable are given in the sequel. If a director wilfully acts over and above the powers bestowed upon him by the articles of association of the company, then he will be held liable for such transgressions. If the company becomes insolvent as a result of the fraudulent activities of a director, then he will be held to be responsible. Section 174(1) established the duty to exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence. This duty enshrines the rule of duty of care and skill of common law. Section 174(2) describes the amount of care, skill and diligence to be exercised by a director. Furthermore, the directors of a limited company are not personally liable for the acts of the company. However, if a director abuses his position in the company, then he will be held personally liable and prosecuted accordingly6. Brad, as a director with a fiduciary duty towards the company, has to ensure the well being of the company. He sold ' 100,000 worth goods to Sess for '60,000. As a director of the company, Brad cannot act in a manner that causes a loss to the company. For example, Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 imposes a duty to promote the success of the company on its directors. This duty had been developed from the fiduciary duties owed by directors, such as duty of good faith and the duty to act in the best interests of the company7. Selling goods at a lower price results in financial loss to the company, and thereby implies a breach of statutory duties. Brad breached the fiduciary duty conferred up on him by section 172 of the Companies Act 2006. The director has to consider the long term consequences of the decisions taken in the interest of the company. He has to consider the interests of the employees of the company and other factors such as the relationships with the clients and suppliers of the company. In addition to these

Job Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job Reflection - Essay Example My job in the organization was to design measures to collect funds for those people. For this reason, there were frontline and rear marketing teams, which had the objectives of advertisements and finding sponsors respectively. I was in the Rear Team and my goal was to present HOPES mission to other companies and enterprises and asks for their kind help through charities. It looked a quite simple job at the first place, where I had to make calls and visit different companies where I can present them with my organization’s objective and what benefit they will get by contributing in our mission. However, it turned out to be an altogether different story as most of the people were least interested in even listening to the call. I was supposed to go for two visits per day, but this started looking very difficult to achieve. On my first visit to a company, my senior colleague accompanied me and my job was to analyze how he conveys the message and convince the next person to contribu te funds to HOPES. The most vital thing I learnt from my first visit was that in the business world, people look for their self interest before anything. Hence, in giving charity also, top level managers and executives are not really concerned with benefits it will give to humanity, but how it can be useful in generating more profits. So, the most important thing is to put the correct thing first and that is giving them information about the promotion strategies of our organization that can help increase brand visibility of their company. Another psychological fact that I understood in my first job was that every person can be fascinated by the same incentives. The perspective of an HR manager would be different from that of a sales manager and that is also an important consideration in business meetings (Skinner, 2008). For dealing with different people, I have to learn about the background of the person I’m dealing with and analyze the gap between their expectations and my understanding of it. In the second month, I did far better work than in the first month after better understanding the human physic and business behaviors. Applying the tool of team work also worked well in my job. In the following months, larger groups accompanied me and that increased the impact of our dealing with other office personnel. When we visited a manager in bigger groups, the first impression was of unity and strength among employees and proved useful in lifting the trust of other organizations’ managers in our team. A Theoretical Perspective These experiences of mine can all be related to the theories on Organizational Behavior. The Incentive Theory of Motivation can be best applied to the above reflective scenario. It suggests that people in the corporate world are always seeking for benefits and praises. These incentives can be a factor of their intrinsic or extrinsic motivation and can lead them to do extraordinary things. The Principle Agent Model, as illustr ated by Laffont, David Martimort, explains that the approach of people towards incentive vary with the kind of business and the nature of their job. Some people look for short term benefits and others seek out long term benefits. Therefore, it is essential to understand the need description of people to motivate them in buying something or doing business (Laffont & Martimort, 2002). This model defines that incentives can be in different forms and for this reason the need structure becomes further complex. My job was to motivate business people that doing charity in HOPES will be a good investment for their companies; as

Two Carbohydrate Solution Essay Example for Free

Two Carbohydrate Solution Essay This experiment consist of 2 part . First part is to test whether solution A and solution B are reducing sugar. Second part of the experiment is to investigate 2 type of reaction , biological reaction and chemical reaction. The chemical enzyme is hydrochloric acid while the biological enzyme is amylase saliva . The specific enzyme reaction involved in the experiment is hydrolysis reaction. Solution B is a polysaccharide which will break down into monosaccharide by hydrolysis reaction. Hydrochloric acid is a very strong acid and it can digest any that contact with it. At high temperature, hydrochloric acid can act as chemical enzyme which can hydrolyses polysaccharide. Hydrochloric acid can break down solution B and starch which are polysaccharide to their respective monosaccharide. Temperatures may have affect the substances such as solutions A and B, saliva, and hydrochloric acid. Saliva is a type of biological enzyme needs an optimum temperature of 37Â °C to carry out high activity. High temperature causes amylase to become denatured, and the shape of the active site changes, because the bonds in the enzymes are broken because of the heat energy gained to brak the bond. When an enzyme is denatured, it cannot function, hence , no catalyse biological reaction. When solution B is under high temperature, solution B gains heat, which is converted to kinetic energy. Solution B thus have high kinetic energy, and its easier to be catalyzed because the activation energy is achieved easily. Because it has high kinetic energy, the solution can be catalyzed by the hydrochloric acid. The product that formed after hydrolysed is broken to monosaccharide which are glucose molecules. This is because glucose is a type of reducing sugar that can turns Benedict’s solution from blue to brick-red precipitate. Starch and glucose are consider as carbohydrate . Figure below shows the structures of starch. Structure of glucose is shown as above . Basis of the test used in this experiment is for amylase enzyme and hydrochloric acid to function as enzymes to convert starch, which is solution B to their monomers. At 37Â °C, amylase enzyme are able to convert starch to glucose because it is in their optimum temperature. Beside that, HCl cannot carry out reaction because its has not gained enough energy to catalyse reaction. At 95Â °C, HCl are able to catalyse starch into glucose molecule because it has gained enough energy through heating process. However, amylase enzyme are denatured at high temperature. High temperature breaks the bonds that holds the 3D shape of an amylase enzyme. This causes the active site of the amylase enzyme to be altered, and therefore starch molecules cannot bind to the altered active site. The purpose of adding sodium hydroxide is to neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the solutions, while adding Benedict’s solution is to test the presence of glucose molecules. Carbohydrate Solution B is the complex molecule and this is because show no reaction in benedict’s test. Before hydrochloric acid is added, solution B still is starch. After hydrolyzing reaction take place , is shows positive result to th benedict’s test. Means glucose is present in solution B after hydrolyzing. Conclusion : Salivary amylase will only hydrolyse starch into glucose at optimum temperature(37 while hydrochloric acid can hydrolyse starch at temperature (c).